
440 - PHE ZOOLOGIST.~ 
the domain of animal physiology. It is needless to say that the 
work is written on the evolutionary conception, pure, simple, and 
undefiled, for no such a discuss on could be conducted on any 
other principle. 
Leaving the physiological arena for that of more evolutionary 
philosophy, we are met with two aphorisms—one near the begin- 
ning, the other near the close of the volume—and these may be 
taken to express the result of estimating the importance in 
animal evolution of the different progressive planes of the 
central nervous system :—(1) ‘‘ The race is not to the swift, nor 
to the strong, but to the wise.” (2) ‘‘ Success in this world 
depends upon brains.” These statements are, of course, not 
quite synonymous; wisdom is not always dependent, so far as 
evolution is concerned, on ‘‘brains”’ or intellect. We have all 
at times met with the wise though uneducated and very average 
man; we have also known the brilliant and highly educated man 
from whom wisdom is absent; one of the greatest confusions in 
mental concepts of the present day being the want of differentia- 
tion between “‘ wisdom” and ‘‘learning.’’ Consequently, we 
rather incline to the opinion that in animal evolution aptitude 
rather than intellect has been a more important factor. In an 
anthropomorphic sense we may overestimate the genus Homo 
as the evolutionary goal. Man, regarded as an animal, is 
eregarious, social, and predatory; the great increase in his brain 
power has been acquired principally in the struggle with his 
own species, and is conditioned- more by the time- than the 
cosmic-process. His non-animal entity does not arise in the 
present discussion. , 
If we have not misunderstood the argument of this brilliant 
book, we have—perhaps and possibly wrongly—a less decided 
view of the central nervous system as the dominant factor in 
animal evolution. 
