PHARYNGEAL TEETH OF FISHES. 423 



tration shows the curious case of a fish, not one of the Pleuro- 

 nectidce, with a crooked mouth. It will be noticed that the left 

 side of the fish is not symmetrical with the right, the branchial 

 arches are stouter, and the teeth-bearing plate of the fourth 

 arch, the lowest of the upper pharyngeal teeth showing on the 

 left side, is malformed and out of shape. This is due to a natural 

 deformity. 



Apogon rex mullorum. Plate II., fig. 3. 

 A small-sized representative of the Serranince, has on the 

 first branchial arch twelve gill-rakers from the angle towards the 

 tongue, and four up the epibranchial. These bear minute teeth 

 on their inner faces, and diminish in size as they get away from 

 the angle of the branchial arch. There are tubercles on the 

 inner side of this arch. The second and third arches have 

 tubercles on each side, the fourth has them only on the outer 

 side. These tubercles bear minute teeth. The upper pharyngeals 

 have villiform teeth, with some cardiform ones along the upper 

 part, the disc bearing them attached to the third branchial arch 

 being larger than the other two. The lower pharyngeals bear 

 villiform teeth in two patches of a triangular shape. 



Centropristes hepatus. Plate II., fig. 4. 

 Another small representative of the Serranince. The first 

 branchial arch has twelve gill-rakers from the angle forward, and 

 five along the epibranchial along the outer side. These carry 

 teeth. The inside of the first arch has tubercles. The second 

 and third arches carry tubercles on the inner and outer sides, 

 and the fourth on its outer side. The upper and lower 

 pharyngeal bones carry villiform teeth. The teeth on the lower 

 pharyngeals seem to join each side in the middle ; there is not 

 that distinct middle separation line that is noticeable in the 

 Apogon rex mullorum at this part. 



MORONE LABRAX. 



This fish frequents the coast of England in the summer, and 

 is known to fishermen as the " Bass." The first branchial arch 

 of the specimen illustrated has thirteen gill-rakers on the left 

 side, whilst the right side has fourteen, in the length from the 

 angle to the end of the hypobranchial. There are ten on the 



