COVERED DEMIJOHNS. 63 



HAND SCRUBS. 



These are made of a heavy sheet of gum-elastic sponge, 

 fastened upon a board, to be used for the purpose of scouring 

 floors. For this purpose they are more effectual than brushes 

 made of bristles; and on account of their durability, are in the 

 end, much cheaper. See plate xiii., fig. 2. 



COVERED BOTTLES AND PHIALS. 



These are first covered with gum-elastic vellum, and after- 

 vs^ards with caoutchouc whalebone. They are subsequently 

 vulcanized in moulds. Coverings of this sort serve to keep the 

 bottles or phials from breaking, and they possess one great 

 advantage over those heretofore covered with willow, straw, and 

 splints, that when the bottles are broken, the contents will be 

 safe ; such covered bottles being in fact two bottles, one internal 

 of glass, and one external of gum-elastic. 



For persons travelling, for ship's use, and for sportsmen, their 

 superiority cannot fail to be appreciated. Small bottles and 

 phials are most neatly made by being first covered, and then 

 heated in moulds like hollow ware, by which method greater 

 uniformity, and more perfect execution can be attained in the 

 workmanship. 



COVERED DEMIJOHNS. 



• These are covered in the same way as phials and bottles, ex- 

 cept that a heavy description of gum-elastic vellum cord is 

 used for covering them, and the glass is protected by a heavier 

 coating of vellum ; or, for many purposes glass need not be 

 used, but the demijohns may be made like sportsmen's bottles, or 



d&ss- 



