IMPROVED COACH SASHES. 239 



The improvement consists in constructing it so that it will be 

 cool in warm weather, and on being turned over, water-proof in 

 storms. See plate , fig. . 



IMPROVED CUSHION COVERS, 



These are constructed of perforated gum-elastic fabrics, so 

 as to open at the side to admit a cushion of any kind. They 

 are otherwise made upon the plan of the cushions last described, 

 so that one side of the cover is water-proof, while the other 

 sides are porous. See plate , fig. 



CARRIAGE DASHERS. 



These are made of vegetable leather, finished in imitation of 

 patent japanned leather, and are designed to answer the purpose 

 of japanned leather dashers. The material of which they are 

 made can be furnished at much less expense than japanned 

 leather, and the expense is lessened much more when the goods 

 are cemented to the frame at the factories. The lustre upon 

 these goods is not so hard, and is, therefore, more easily 

 scratched than japanned leather, but the goods resist the action 

 of the sun and weather much better, and without cracking. 



COACH WHIPS, RIDING WHIPS, AND SWITCHES 



Are manufactured of caoutchouc whalebone, made in moulds 

 in one entire piece. The cheapness and elegance of these whips 

 give assurance of the success of the manufacture. 



Flexible team whips are described, Chapter XIX. See plate 



xxi., figs. 



bottom and on the sides, of either the window sash or casmg, 



from one-quarter to one-third of an inch in diameter, and com- 



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