'§ 



SHOE SPRINGS. 299 



HAT COVERS 



Are made of tissue, or corded tissue, and are designed as a 

 substitute for the oil silli covers formerly used. When made 

 with a cape as represented, plate xix., fig. , they answer the 

 double purpose of a hat or cap cover, and a storm cape. 



HAT ANl) CAP SPRINGS. 



These are made of a gum-elastic cord or tape, either covered 

 or not. Their use is to prevent the hat or cap from blowing 

 off. See plate xix., Chapter XIX. 



FOOT HOLDERS. 



This is a recent invention,* intended to prevent persons slip- 

 ping on the ice. It consists of a ring or band, elastic upon the 

 top, and non-elastic in the part which comes underneath the 

 foot. In the upper side of the under part, small pins are inserted 

 to make it hold to the foot, and larger pins are inserted on the 

 bottom to cause it to hold on the ice. 



SHOE SPRINGS. 



Gum-elastic shoe springs were first applied to shoes, and 

 patented in the United States in 18 .f They were made by 

 stitching cords of native gum between two cloths. Shirred 

 goods were applied to this use as early as 1844. Subsequently, 

 a license was disposed of by the writer to Mr. H. H. Day, and 

 since that time shirred goods have been applied extensively to 

 shoe springs. 



* Doct. Charles Stearns, Springfield, Mass. 

 t Messrs. Dupont and Hyatt, New York. 



