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VIII. The Liquefaction and Solidification of Argon. 
By Dr. K. Ouszewsk1, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Cracow. 
Communicated by Professor W1tuiAM Ramsay, F.R.S. 
Received January 28,—Read January 31, 1895. 
Havine been furnished, by Professor RAamsay’s kindness, with a sample of the new 
gas, argon, I have carried out experiments on its behaviour at low temperatures and 
at high pressures, in order to contribute, at least in part, to the knowledge of the 
properties of this interesting body. 
The argon sent by Professor Ramsay amounted to 300 cub. centims. It was 
contained in a hermetically-sealed glass bulb, so constructed that it could easily be 
transterred, with no appreciable loss, into the carefully-dried and vacuous apparatus 
in which the proposed experiments were to be performed. The argon with which I 
was supplied had, according to Professor Ramsay’s statement, been dried with phos- 
phoric anhydride ; its density was 19°9 (H = 1); and he thought that at the outside 
it might contain | to 2 per cent. of nitrogen, although it showed no nitrogen spectrum 
when examined in a PLUCKER’s tube. 
Four series of experiments in all were carried out, two with the object of deter- 
mining the critical temperature and pressure of argon, as well as of measuring its 
vapour pressure at several other low temperatures, while two other series served to 
determine its boiling- and freezing-points under atmospheric pressure, as well as its 
density at its boiling-point. 
A detailed description of these experiments will be given in another place: I shall 
here give only a short description of the manner in which they were made. 
For the first two experiments I made use of a CAILLETET’s apparatus. Its metallic 
manometer had been previously compared with the readings of a mercury manometer. 
As cooling agent I used liquid ethylene, boiling under diminished pressure. The 
glass tube of CAiLLETET’S apparatus was so arranged that the portion immersed in 
the liquid ethylene had comparatively thin walls (not exceeding 1 millim.), so as to 
equalize the external and internal temperature as quickly as possible. 
In both the other experiments the argon was contained in a buretie, closed at both 
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