10 | THE ZOOLOGIST. 
does not earn a high place, but we can draw attention to, first, 
its feathered feet; secondly, the presence of what is surely a 
wattle under the ear; and, finally, the suggestion of a comb on 
the head. When we have considered the other animals depicted 
on these ‘‘slates’’ (the Giraffe is one), and when we know how 
the ‘‘slate’”’ would influence the treatment of the subject by the 
artist, we feel pretty confident in ascribing this nameless bird to 
Gallus bankiva. It must be remembered that the chicken sign 
occurs frequently on these pre-dynastic remains. 
At this point we may review our position. The evidence 
relating to the first seven hundred years s.c. around the Medi- 
terranean needs no discussion. In Egypt we have the sign of 
the chicken from the earliest known times. We give our 
reasons for thinking that the bird is the young of the Fowl, 
and not that of the Quail; we know the bird was present in 
Higypt in later times, a few centuries B.c.; and we have the 
evidence from pre-dynastic remains that the adult bird was then 
in existence. Having thus carried the history of the Fowl 
baék prior to B.c. 4400, the next step is to inquire how it 
reached Egypt. 
Higyptologists have long since proved that the dynastic 
Egyptians were not autochthones, but invaders from Western 
Asia. The subject has been discussed in an erudite and inte- 
resting manner by Dr. EK. A. Wallis Budge in his ‘ History of 
Kgypt.’ The date of the invasion was about s.c. 4400, and, if 
we allow a couple of centuries for the migration, we get back to 
the date B.c. 4600 as that in which the invaders left Meso- 
potamia. They carried their language with them and (what is 
more to the present study) carried also several Asiatic plants 
and animals. The Camel, Horse, and Sheep offer one or two 
puzzling points. A figure of the Camel was found in a pre- 
dynastic grave, but no mention is made of the animal in the 
hieroglyphics until the Highteenth Dynasty (s.c. 1800), when it 
is referred to under the Semitic name of Kamaal in an ancient 
Kigyptian work entitled ‘Travels of an Egyptian.’ The writer 
of this papyrus records seeing the animal during his visit to the 
land we now know as Palestine. The Horse also appears for the 
first time in the hieroglyphies of the Highteenth Dynasty, during 
which period it was brought from Mesopotamia. 
