14 . THE ZOOLOGIST. | 
zoological knowledge, after examining nearly all the available 
material, thought that the species did not occur. In Europe 
truly fossil remains have been recorded by good authorities from 
the following localities and formations :—Puy-de-Dome, France 
(Upper Pliocene) ; Pikermi, Attica (Lower Pliocene) ; and 
from the Cavern Deposits of the Lahn Valley in Germany (cf. 
Liydekker, ‘ Fossil Birds,’ p. 142). None of these remains of 
Gallus were actually ascribed to the species bankiva. We have 
not learned of any fossil remains of the bird from India, or, in 
fact, from any part of Asia; but this is negative evidence of 
little value. 5 
We conclude by repeating that we have not been able to find 
the slightest scrap of proof that the Common Fowl originated in 
India, and we bring evidence to show that it was present in 
Babylonia in the fiftieth century B.c., that it was introduced to 
Egypt about p.c. 4600, and to the Mediterranean countries from 
Mesopotamia at some unknown but very early date. ‘The 
evidence appears to indicate that the bird was introduced to 
India by invaders—a race known as Dravadians—from the 
north-west at an unknown date, and that the species is now 
feral there, exactly as it is in many other parts of the world. . 
We are safe in assuming that the original wild stock is long 
extinct, as we know is the case with the Horse, Camel, wheat, - 
cherry, and many other forms of life. Yet we know that both 
the Horse and the Camel are to be found perfectly wild in 
countries to which they are certainly not indigenous. The 
Horse is wild in Australia and America, descended from animals 
escaped from European colonists, and, as Mr. Abel Chapman 
has described (in his ‘ Wild Spain’), the Camel may even be 
found wild in Europe on the marismas of Spain. 
The figures illustrate several of the more important forms 
in which the Fowl appears in ancient art. Numbers 3, 4 
(Egyptian art) and 5 (Grecian art) are drawn direct from actual 
specimens in the British Museum; 1 and 2 are from photographs 
of the pre-dynastic Kgyptian objects described in the text, and 6 
is copied from an illustration of a Phceenician sarcophagus in 
Rawlinson’s ‘ Phoenicia’ (p. 195). In every case great care has 
been taken not to distort or exaggerate the critical points in 
each figure. 
