204 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
CaRassius auRAtTUS. The Goldfish. 
The pharyngeal teeth of this fish are in a single series and of 
a wedge-shape, or perhaps would be more accurately described 
as like the cutting edge of an axe. Fig. II., 4, showsa set viewed 
from the back. Its pad and a spare tooth are also shown. 
Hysrip CyPRINUS CARPIO X CARASSIUS AURATUS. 
This cross between a Carp and a Goldfish shows in the 
specimen examined that the dentition followed that of the 
Carassius parent (Fig. II., 5) in being in a single row, and of 
the axe-shape. It is of interest here to note that in this case 
the barbel of the Carp was wanting, as also the golden colour 
of the Goldfish, the colour of the hybrid being dark, as seen in 
some Goldfishes. } 
Catia BucHANANI. An Indian Carp. Fig. IL., 2. 
The general aspect of the gullet of this fish is more like that 
of a Clupeoid than a Cyprinoid fish, owing to the numerous 
long, thin, horny gill-rakers. On the first cerato-hypobranchial 
there are 179, and 74 on the epibranchial. The closeness 
and fine quality of these will be recognized when it is noted 
that in one inch of length at the centre of the arch there 
are 60 gill-rakers. The length of the gill-rakers at the angle 
is about the same as that of the gill lamina below them. The 
gill-rakers on the outer side of the first arch all slope forward. 
Similar thin gill-rakers, but standing straight up, line the inner 
and outer edges of the other arches; their tops, however, curve 
towards each other, those on the outer edges towards those on 
the opposite inner edges, forming a vault over the gill-slit, but 
by their length adding to the filtering area. At the back of the 
buccal cavity there is a hiatus in this gill-slit vaulting; there 
the gill-rakers do not bend towards each other, but leave three 
pronounced elliptical openings parallel to each other on each 
side of the mouth. The pharyngeal teeth are plough-shaped. 
Two spare teeth were found, and many of the functioning teeth 
were loose. The illustration shows a specimen with pad and 
loose teeth belowit. For the size of the fish the lower pharyngeal 
bones are small, so consequently is the opening into the teeth. 
The upper lining of the gullet has a thick mucous pad with 
