374 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Plaice had increased by 9564 cwts. and £4311 over 1908. Tur- 
bot showed a slight increase in quantity over the previous year, 
but a decrease in value. 
The total quantity and value of all fishes (exclusive of shell- 
fishes) landed in 1909 was 7,423,185 cwts. = £2,889,107, a 
diminution in weight of no less than 1,222,077 ewts. on 1908, 
but with the substantial increase in value of £376,945 over last 
year. Such are the continuous vicissitudes of the fisheries. 
Whilst the Herrings had diminished by no less than 1,148,817 ewts. 
under the catch of 1908, yet the advance in price made a balance 
in favour of 1909 of £418,099. This year also showed a diminu- 
tion in the number of vessels, and a slight diminution of the 
persons employed. 
An instance of the vast resources of the sea occurred at 
Kirkwall and Stromness Harbours, where immense shoals of 
young green Cod (Saithe) appeared, and upwards of 400 tons 
were captured and sold for manure at about 10s. per ton. 
The liners in 1910 captured 712,099 cwts. of round fishes = 
£272,159, an increase of 44,667 cwts. and £23,520 on the 
previous year, the quantity and value of this class of fishes 
from all methods of fishing being the highest on record, a result 
to some extent of the great development of the Cod-net fishing, 
though the quantity taken by line increased by 5000 cwts. The 
total of Haddocks for the first time fell below Cod in quantity. 
Ling, Whiting, and Torsk caught by liners had increased on the 
previous year. This year also 14,000 cwts. of young green Cod 
were landed in Orkney, and 240 tons were sént to Aberdeen to 
be manufactured into fish-meal. The rest were sold locally for 
manure. . 
The trawlers landed 1,898,014 cwts. of round fishes = 
£875,478, the highest on record, surpassing that of the previous 
year by 69,444 ewts. and £140,007, the price obtained being 
1s. 2d. above that of 1909. This year, notwithstanding previous 
doubts, Cod exceeded Haddocks in total weight, but vast numbers 
of small Haddocks appeared on various grounds, and were sold 
for manufacturing into fish-food for cattle. 
The liners caught 64,847 cwts. of flat fishes = £95,178, a 
diminution of 1721 ecwts., but an increase of £9026 in value 
compared with 1909. The liners were also fortunate in getting 
