376 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
manure merchants. The occurrence of vast shoals of these, of 
Saithe, Cod, and other Ganoids, in the region north of the 
North Sea, is well known. 
The capture of flat fishes by liners amounted to 71,917 cwis. 
= £110,495, an increase of 7070 cwts., and £15,317 on the 
previous year, the value indeed being a récord one in the line 
and net industry. Plaice as caught by both liners and trawlers 
had improved on the previous year, and so with Halibut, but 
Lemon-dabs were slightly less, though the price was higher. 
Turbot fell short of 1910 by 482 cwts. and £2385. 
Trawlers procured 138,261 cwts. of flat fishes = £207,390, 
a diminution on the previous year of 7676 cwts. and £7967. 
Plaice showed an increase of 2073 cwts. and £148, the latter 
sum being reduced by the greater proportion of small fishes. 
Long experience of a particular locality shows that no change 
had occurred on the average saleable size, and that inshore 
srounds frequented by young Plaice should be avoided. Turbot, 
which is largely caught by the Granton trawlers, probably 
because the Forth and St. Andrews Bay and the adjoining 
regions are best adapted for its increase, showed a decrease of 
482 ewts. 
The total catch of all kinds of fishes was 8,709, 655 cwts, = 
£2,978,000, a reduction on the previous year of 533,924 cwts. 
and £122,387. Thus from year to year fluctuations occur in the 
most varied manner, yet it cannot be said that there is any 
cause for anxiety. Of this total 5,120,632 cwts. were due to 
Herrings, a considerable decrease on the previous year. There 
was a decrease of 181 vessels, the total being 9548, of which 
1486 were steam-vessels, 233 motor-vessels, and 7776 sailing- 
vessels. The total number of persons employed in the fisheries 
and various subsidiary industries was 89,1538, and of these 
38,626 manned the vessels, a decrease of 315 on the previous 
year. 
Besides the foregoing statistics of captures, it is well to 
remember that a large number (1257) of Scottish fishing-boats 
land their catches in England and Ireland, the total catch, 
for instance, in 1910 being 1,397,026 cwts. and the value 
£498,539. 
A thoughtful perusal of the foregoing statistics to the present 
