408 THH ZOOLOGIST. 
In Franz Josef Land, it was found at Cape Hvitenland, 
Frederick-Jackson Islands, and breeding at Cape Fisher and the 
east end of Mabel Island ; and nesting on basaltic columns.* 
At Waigatz Island, the Fulmar was only seen at sea off 
Novaya Zemlya, and at Lutke Islands.t 
At the coasts of North America, and over the seas of the 
Western Atlantic, Fulmars were seen off Belleisle on Aug. 20th, 
and found in increasing numbers northwards both inshore and 
out at sea. Allwereseeninautumn. Most were light-coloured. 
Ludwig Kumlein says{: ‘I saw none so dark as I did in the 
spring.” He continues: ‘A few of these dark-coloured birds— 
darker than ever I saw in the fall, breeding near Quickstep 
Harbour in Cumberland”; and this author appears to diffe- 
rentiate them. He adds: ‘‘To the northward of Exeter Sound 
the dark variety predominates.” He arrives at the conclusion 
that, ‘‘ the dark birds being oftener seen in spring than in fall, 
the dark plumage cannot be characteristic of the young.” So 
far, Kumlein; and he is recognized as a careful observer. 
On the other hand, in another area of sea, Heneage Cox 
first saw the birds when en voyage to Spitzbergen, in the open 
sea to the north of Norway, on July 24th, and found them 
becoming more numerous to the northward up to the edge of 
the ice-pack. The grey birds seen and treated of by him seemed 
“to be in a state of plumage intermediate between that of the 
adult and that of the young in the second summer.’§ And 
A. Chapman, when on the same expedition as Heneage Cox, 
also remarks upon these different appearances of the plumage of 
individuals in the Spitzbergen seas. 
Prof. R. Collett tells us that ‘‘ the Fulmars are to be seen all 
down the coast [i. e. of Northern Norway] as far as Trondhjeim, 
but never south of that point, and between August and spring 
it is not met with there, but it may be found to breed within the 
Arctic Circle.’ Collett is more scientific with his ‘‘ may be 
found” than Wheelwright’s looser statement. 
In Wheelwright’s ‘ Ten Years in Sweden’ occurs the passage, 
* Eagle Clarke, ‘ Ibis,’ April, 1898, p. 274. 
+ Pearson, ‘ Ibis,’ 1898. 
| ‘The Howgate Arctic Expedition,’ 1877-79, p. 102. 
$ Vide Yarrell, drd ed., p. 642, as quoted by Heneage Cox. 
