PHARYNGEAL THETH OF FISHES. 453 
Nesris microps.* The Butterfish. 
Has fourteen long, horny gill-rakers, which are toothed; on 
the first cerato-hypobranchial the longest is a trifle longer than 
the gill lamina below it. There are eight gill-rakers on the first 
epibranchial. The other arches have short gill-rakers on each 
side, the whole forming a good filter apparatus. The upper 
pharyngeal teeth are in three sections of cardiform teeth; a 
small one on the head of the second epibranchial, one on the 
head of the third epibranchial of strong cardiform teeth, and 
one on the head of the fourth epibranchial of smaller cardiform 
teeth. The lower pharyngeals are in two long portions of cardi- 
form teeth, with very strong ones along the inner margins. 
TRIGLIDA. 
TRIGLA GURNARDUS. The Gurnard. 
Has nine upstanding, horny, thick gill-rakers that terminate 
in a knob studded with teeth. The longest is about the same 
length as the gill lamina below it; there are also two flat 
tubercles with teeth. All these are on the first cerato-hypo- 
branchial. On its epibranchial there are two upstanding gill- 
rakers, knob terminated, and two flat tubercle gill-rakers. The 
inside of the first arch and both sides of the other arches have 
very prominent tubercle gill-rakers that fit in from alternate 
positions on opposite sides, making a close filter; they bear 
villiform teeth. The upper pharyngeal teeth are set on an 
elongated plate on the second epibranchial, a broad shield on the 
third epibranchial, and a smaller patch on the fourth epi- 
branchial ; these are thickly studded with minute cardiform 
teeth. The lower pharyngeal teeth are on two rhomboidal 
plates of comparatively large size covered with villiform teeth. ° 
This fish feeds on molluscs, crustaceans, and small fishes. 
Trica tyra. The Piper. Fig. III., a. 
Has seven horny, upstanding gill-rakers along the first 
cerato-hypobranchial, with minute teeth on the inside; they 
then subside into tubercles, which are also toothed. The inner 
side of the first, both sides of the second and third, and the 
* From British Guiana. 
