PHARYNGEAL THETH OF FISHES. 457 
upper pharyngeal teeth show as a roughened surface of villiform 
teeth at the upper extremity of the second epibranchial. The 
third epibranchial carries a long triangular patch of cardiform 
teeth. The fourth epibranchial has a narrow oblong patch with 
a rounded base covered with cardiform teeth ; the lower extremity 
of this does not fit close to the lining membrane of the mouth, 
but can stand out from it. The lower pharyngeal teeth are set 
in two long narrow plates. There are also in the buccal cavity 
two oval patches of villiform teeth where the first hypobranchial 
joins the base of the tongue, and two long patches of similar 
teeth where the second hypobranchial joins the basi-branchial 
bones. 
XIPHIIDA. 
XiIpHIAS @LADIus. The Swordfish. Fig. V. 
The illustration shows the gullet of a young specimen from 
the Mediterranean. There are no gill-rakers of any kind; the 
branchial arches are smooth. The upper pharyngeal teeth 
consist of along narrow patch of villiform teeth on the upper 
part of the second epibranchial arch. The upper part of the 
third epibranchial has a long patch, broader at one end than at 
the other, of villiform teeth, with a smaller patch on the same 
epibranchial, but lower down: From the top of the fourth 
epibranchial, and hanging much below the end of the bone and 
standing with its lower end away from the surface of the mucous 
membrane of the gullet, is a long patch of villiform teeth. The 
illustration shows this fairly clearly. The lower pharyngeal 
teeth are in two long patches, which narrow slightly at their 
middle portion. ‘This fish is occasionally caught off the coast of 
the British Isles. 
ZEHIDA. 
Zuus Fraser. The John Dory. 
On the first cerato-hypobranchial arch this fish has ten short, 
broad, horny gill-rakers, mostly upstanding, covered at their 
tops with minute cardiform teeth ; on the summit of the third 
gill-raker from the angle between twenty and thirty could be 
counted. The gill-raker at the angle is the largest; it is a trifle 
over one-half the depth of the gill lamina immediately below it. 
There is a very evident extra space between this gill-raker and 
Zool. 4th ser. vol. X VI., December, 1912. 2N 
