REVISION OF GENUS ZAMARADA 49 



edged proximally with light yellow and distally with silvery grey; discal spot on fore wing silvery 

 grey ringed with black, that on hind wing minute and black. Non-hyaline terminal area of 

 each wing greyish yellow irrorate with dark brown and black; subterminal fascia silvery grey 

 irregularly banded proximally with brownish yellow. 



$. Two colour forms are well represented among the material available for study. In one 

 the non-hyaline terminal area of each wing is greyish orange irrorate with reddish brown and 

 dark brown; the proximal banding of the subterminal fascia is reddish orange. 



In the second form the costa of the fore wing is reddish brown; the non-hyaline terminal 

 area of each wing is light yellow densely irrorate with reddish brown and the proximal banding 

 of the subterminal fascia is brownish yellow; the remainder of each wing is irrorate with silvery 

 grey and dark brown. 



Examples of both sexes from N.W. Cape Province (Springbok), from localities in the Orange 

 River Valley (Aliwal North, Oranjekrag and a locality 12 miles N.E. of Petrusville) are very 

 dark, the vestiture and wings being densely irrorate with black. The proximal banding of the 

 subterminal fascia in the female is brownish orange, though this too may be obscured by dense 

 black irroration (PI. 98, fig. 872). 



In general, examples from Transvaal, Natal and Cape Province dated August-October 

 representing the vernal generation are larger and the hyaline areas of the wings are irrorate 

 with dark scales; representatives of the aestival generations, dated December-February are 

 smaller with little irroration on the wings. 



(J genitalia (Text-figs 53-57). Uncus tapered. Ventral plate of gnathus triangular, apex 

 narrowly rounded. Dorsal process of valve stout in basal half, apical half shallowly curved; a 

 strongly sclerotized, tapered projection, inclined towards middle of ninth tergite, arises at one- 

 half dorsal process, the posterior margin smooth, the ventral margin varyingly serrate; in 

 some examples the projections from the processes are asymmetrical. Fulcrum one and one- 

 third times as long as aedeagus, apex scobinate and tipped with 3-4 stout spines. Aedeagus 

 weakly serrate at one side just below apex. Three extreme forms of the projection from the 

 dorsal process of the valve are illustrated (Text-figs 55, 56, 57) ; at first sight these appear to 

 represent distinct species, but among three dozen genitalia preparations numerous inter- 

 mediates, some asymmetrical, have precluded any clear division. 



$ genitalia (PI. 12, figs 497-500). Sterigma asymmetrical, the right-hand side produced 

 posteriorly as figured; lateral and anterior margins well sclerotized and smooth, anterior 

 margin straight or slightly bowed with a fold; signum stellate, diameter equal to one-half to 

 two-thirds of that of ductus bursae. From over thirty preparations of the genitalia of pulverosa, 

 two main forms of the sterigma have been figured; in one example (PI. 12, figs 497, 498) the 

 anterior margin of the sterigma is curved and the left-hand side broadly rounded, in the other 

 (PI. 12 figs 499, 500) the anterior margin is straight and the left-hand side more narrowly 

 rounded. 



Measurements. $ io^-^^mm; $ io-o-i4'5 mm. Antennal pectinations: <$ 12 X, $ 

 4-6 X diameter of shaft. Some variation has been noted in the length of the pectinations in 

 the female antennae; the longest pectinations have been found to vary from four to six times 

 the diameter of the shaft. 



Distinguished externally in the male from the sympatric erugata by the presence 

 of a dilate hind tibia with a pencil of long hair scales and in typical examples from 

 metallicata by the paler colour of the wings. In the female the longer pectinations 

 of the antennae separate pulverosa from both erugata and metallicata. In the male 

 genitalia the form of the dorsal process on the valve distinguishes pulverosa; in 

 the female genitalia the form of the sterigma and the appreciably smaller signum 

 distinguishes pulverosa from erugata; the form of the sterigma distinguishes it 

 from metallicata. 



Reared series or series collected with precise ecological data are needed to 



