6 D. S. FLETCHER 



would involve lengthy descriptions of the shape of the sterigma and its parts, 

 which can be better understood from the illustrations provided. 



Bibliographic references appearing in the text and in the synonymy are given in 

 abbreviated form. A full bibliography appears at the end of the revision. 



In examining the species previously described in Zamarada, a number have been 

 found to belong to other genera. These are listed after the check-list of included 

 species, together with their new binomina. For the sake of completeness, those 

 species already transferred from Zamarada by other authors have been included with 

 a reference to the first publication of the new binomen. 



ZAMARADA Moore 

 Zamarada Moore, 1887 : 432. Type-species: Zamarada translucida Moore, by monotypy. 



Proboscis well developed. Frons smoothly scaled. Antennae of both sexes bipectinate 

 to between one-half and two-thirds of the length of the shaft, the pectinations decreasing in 

 length apicad. Fore tibia with epiphysis; mid tibia with one pair of terminal spurs; hind 

 tibia of male sometimes dilate, enclosing a dense tuft of hair-scales, both sexes with two pairs 

 of spurs. Fore wing without fovea; termen weakly curved from apex to tornus; termen of 

 hind wing boldly and smoothly curved. Proximal two-thirds of each wing hyaline and 

 translucent, usually tinged with yellow or green; costa of fore wing fully scaled; distal third 

 of each wing patterned, but with hyaline area usually intruding, sometimes to termen, between 

 veins M 3 and Cu lb . Venation, varying very little, as illustrated (Text-fig. 1) ; in the fore 

 wing vein R 3 is absent. 



Male genitalia. Uncus variable in form; usually tapered and setose dorsally (Text-fig. 13), 

 but may form a cowl-like structure (Text-fig. 79) or may be bilobate and symmetrical (Text-figs 

 439. 44 1 ) or bilobate and asymmetrical (Text-figs 443, 445). Ventral plate of gnathus usually 

 developed, but wanting in some species-groups. Valve with long, slender process arising free 

 from base of dorsal margin; process usually has a short, setose projection in basal fourth; in 

 some species-groups sclerotized projections or ornamentations are situate between one-half 

 and three-fourths. Outer surface of valve with an inflatable, densely long-haired corema at 

 base (PI. 94, fig. 836). Aedeagus with a supporting process, or fulcrum, arising from near 

 base of ventral surface; the fulcrum may be vestigial, as in denticulata (Text-fig. 90) in the 

 baliata-group and as in species in the scriptifasciata-grou-p, it may be long and slender, twice 

 as long as the aedeagus, as in the acrochra-growp (Text -fig. 340) or bifid as in the vulpina-group 

 (Text-fig. 253). Vesica with or without cornuti. 



Female genitalia. Sterigma usually sclerotized, sometimes asymmetrical. Corpus bursae 

 usually sclerotized posteriorly. Serrate-edged semi-circular or stellate signum present in all 

 species, except the Mascarene aureomarginata Pagenstecher and griveandi sp. n., in which a 

 signum is wanting. 



Zamarada is a distinctive Old World genus, recognized by the pattern combination 

 of proximal hyaline and terminal fully-scaled wing areas and by the presence in 

 the male genitalia of a fulcrum-like, supporting process attached to the ventral 

 surface of the aedeagus. The only similarly-patterned Old World species with 

 which Zamarada might be confused are P. xanthyala (Hampson) (1896 : 553) and 

 P. oblectata Prout (1929 : 48) currently included in the genus Peratophyga Warren 

 (1894 : 407). These species differ from Zamarada in the shape of the hind wing, 

 which is angled at vein M 3 ; in the venation of the fore wing in which all radial 

 veins are present ; in the presence of a fovea on the fore wing of the male and of ciliate 

 antennae in the female and in the absence of a fulcrum in the male genitalia. 



