REVISION OF GENUS ZAMARADA 245 



Holotype (J, Liberia: Nimba, Grassfield, vi-vii. 1967 (A. Forbes-Watson), 

 Geometridae genitalia slide no. 7828, in BMNH. 



The CRYSTALLOPHANA -Group 



Externally similar in colour and pattern to species in the reflexaria- and 

 triangularis-groups. Characterized in the male genitalia by the short, broad 

 uncus with its semi-circular, setose, lateral projections, one at each side, and by 

 the form of the valve, which is broadly rounded at apex and has a strongly 

 developed, spined ridge parallel with the apical half of the ventral margin. 

 Characterized in the female genitalia by the elaborately developed sterigma 

 (PI. 87, figs 805, 806). 



Only one species is included in the group. 



Zamarada crystallophana Mabille 

 (Text-figs 416, 417; PI. 87, figs 802, 805, 806; PI. 121, figs 1086-1088) 



Zamarada crystallophana .Mabille, 1900 : 741. Holotype $, 'W. Africa' (BMNH) [examined.] 



ct $ (PI. I2i, figs 1086-1088). Closely similar in size, colour and pattern to species in the 

 reflexaria-group, cucharita and r. reflexaria. West African populations of crystallophana may 

 usually be distinguished by the narrower excavation of the non-hyaline terminal area of the 

 wings between veins M 3 and Cu lb and the rather larger discal spot on the fore wing (PI. 121, 

 fig. 1086). 



The male hind tibia is dilate with a pocket one-half as long as the tibia enclosing a tuft of 

 hair-scales little longer than the width of the tibia. 



£ genitalia (Text-figs 416, 417). Apical half of uncus short and digitate, apex rounded; 

 a dorsally setose, semi-circular projection from each side of base. Ventral plate of gnathus 

 strongly sclerotized, rounded at apex. Juxta Y-shaped. Valve with a strongly developed, 

 spined ridge parallel with the apical half of the ventral margin; a second, shorter ridge near 

 broadly rounded apex, the shorter ridges sometimes asymmetrical; dorsal process with a slender, 

 club-shaped, setose projection from near base. Aedeagus with scobinate ridge at four-fifths, 

 varyingly developed. Fulcrum rounded at apex, which is smooth. 



5 genitalia (PI. 87, figs 802, 805, 806). Posterior margin of elaborately developed lamella 

 postvaginalis asymmetrical; the posteriorly inclined, scobinate, tapered projections, one 

 from each side, are longer in the Malawi and Mozambique specimens (PI. 87, fig. 806). 

 Abdomen with two small, lateral pockets, one at each side, in membrane between segments 

 six and seven. 



Measurements. Fore wing: <§ i5-o-i8-5 mm; 9 15-17 mm. Antennal pectinations: 

 7 X, $ 3 X diameter of shaft. 



Structurally the male of crystallophana may be distinguished from cucharita 

 and reflexaria by the appreciably shorter tuft of hair-scales on the hind tibia and 

 by the form of the uncus, valve and fulcrum in the genitalia; in the female genitalia 

 the form of the sterigma is diagnostic. 



In a short series from Elisabethville and from Zambia the excavation of the 

 non-hyaline terminal area between veins M 3 and Cu lb is broad and smooth, as 

 in reflexaria apsis (PI. 121, fig. 1087). The series from Mozambique is shorter- 

 winged (<y $ 15-16 mm) and has a smaller discal spot on the fore wing (PI. 121, 



