REVISION OF LEUCOSPIDAE 153 



('coerulea\ i.e. probably coerulescens Linnaeus) (Schletterer, 1890 : 161), A nthophora 

 garrula (Rossius) (Fahringer, 1922 : 43, 47). In France (Charente) L. gigas was 

 reared along with the parasitic bee Coelioxys quadridentahis (Linnaeus) (MNHN, 

 Paris). There is also a rather doubtful record of Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus) 

 (Rondani, 1873 : 231). 



The development and behaviour were described and the egg and larva figured 

 by Fabre (1886). Berland (1934a) drew attention to the fact that the European 

 populations lack males, which he termed as geographical parthenogenesy. Bytinski- 

 Salz (1963) suggested that in Israel the yellow-black form is mostly parthenogenetic 

 and geographically separated from the southerly (and North African) orange-coloured 

 form in which both sexes normally occur. Since that time single males were found 

 also in Greece and some Dalmatian islands (as already mentioned), but not more 

 northerly. 



Distribution. Southern Europe up to central France (Berland, 19346), Vienna, 

 North Africa including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Lybia, Egypt, then Israel, 

 Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenian S.S.R., Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, 

 N. China (cf. also Nikolskaya, i960). 



Material examined. 



Type data given in synonymy. 



Apart from the material mentioned in earlier papers (Boucek, 1956 : 251; 

 1959 : 442-443) and considerable further material, mainly from southern Europe, 

 only the following more interesting data arc noted. Morocco: Timhadit Region, 

 Atlas Mts (BMNH). Algeria: Lambeze (MRAC, Tervuren); Laghouat (IRSNB, 

 Brussels); Boghari; Rocher Blanc; Mascara; Oran (MXHN, Paris); El Guerrah 

 (BMNH). Tunisia: Gafsa, Djebel Atia, Le Kef (MXHN, Paris; NM, Vienna; 

 MRAC, Tervuren). Lybia: Leptis Magna nr Tripoli; Merg; Benghasi District; 

 Tobruk (BMNH; EI, Zurich). Egypt: Aswan (BMNH). U.S.S.R.: Turkmenistan, 

 Krasnovodsk, 3 $, 1 <$ of mainly orange form (RNH, Leiden). China: Peking, 

 1 $ (C. F. Wu) (BMNH). 



Leucospis intermedia Illiger 

 (Text-fig. 187) 



[Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius sensu Rossius, 1790 : 80. Material, Italy (?lost). Misiden- 



tification.] 

 [Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius sensu Panzer, 1794 : 15, pi. 17, $. Material, South Europe 



(?lost). Misidentification.] 

 Leucospis intermedia Illiger, 1807 : 130. [Based on Panzer's figure (1794 : pi. 17) of a female 



that has been lost.] 

 Leucospis aculeata Klug, 1814 : 68, $. LECTOTYPE $ (here designated), U.S.S.R. : S. Ukraine; 



Crimea (= Tauria) (MNHU, Berlin) [examined]. 

 Leucospis frenata Klug, 1834, Dec. 4 : [25], pi. 37, figs 2, 3, $ $. LECTOTYPE $ (here 



designated), Egypt (MNHU, Berlin) [examined]. 

 Leucospis hoplophora Forster, 1851 : 17-18, $. Type(s), 'S. Europe' (?lost). Syn. n. 



