REVISION OF COELIDIINAE 7 



enough to characterize here, but in many forms the costal margin is expanded 

 basally. 



The male genitalia offer the most useful characters for distinguishing the genera 

 and species, and on the whole are of particular value for separating the tribes. 

 The male pygofer varies in shape and is usually adorned with one to three pairs of 

 processes arising from the caudal margin. Setae are present or absent; when 

 present are extremely long in some forms. In the Thagriini the tenth segment 

 often has one or two pairs of prominent processes. The aedeagus is especially 

 diagnostic among all taxa and may be symmetrical or asymmetrical with both 

 conditions occurring in the same tribe but rarely in the same genus. Generally, 

 the aedeagus is tubular with or without processes or with a ventral paraphysis 

 (Thagriini), or bipendulate (Tharrini), or assortment of shapes with several to 

 numerous processes. The gonopore is situated on the shaft at various points from 

 basad of middle to the apex and may exit dorsally, vcntrally or laterally. In 

 all groups the aedeagus is freely articulated with the connective which also varies 

 from narrowly Y-shaped to broadly Y-shaped with a short stem. The styles 

 vary in length or shape and often are adorned with processes. They are sometimes 

 asymmetrical, a condition not known to occur in any other cicadellid group. 



In all groups the valve is fused vcntrally to the pygofer and is often exposed 

 (Tharrini) or concealed (Thagriini) by the eighth sternum. The plates are 

 segmented subbasally in the Tharrini and Thagriini and entire in the remaining 

 tribes. They are very narrow throughout in Thagriini, almost subquadrate in 

 Tharrini and often very broad throughout in Teruliini. Setal arrangement varies 

 from uniseriate (Thagriini) to random arrangement. The setae are extremely 

 long in many forms of Tharrini and some forms of Coelidiini. 



The female genitalia are of some worth in differentiating a limited number of 

 species in several genera, particularly in the Teruliini and Coelidiini. 



The posterior femoral setal arrangment is usually 2 : 2 : 1 in all groups, but the 

 setae basad of the proximal pair are not arranged in exact apposition to each other. 



ZOOGEOGRAPHY 



The coelidiine leafhoppers are primarily tropical in the Southern Hemisphere 

 faunal regions. Only a few species occur in the Temperate Zone and these are all 

 of tropical origin. Generic diversity is greatest in the Neotropical Region 

 whereas species diversity is greatest in the Oriental realm. There are more genera 

 in the Neotropical Region than in all other regions combined. Over half of the 

 known species are in the Oriental Region. The remainder are scattered among 

 the other geographical regions with only about 50 species represented in the 

 Ethiopian realm. 



The Tinobregmini are represented in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, 

 whereas Sandersellini is restricted to the Neotropical Region. Although the genus 

 Tinobregmus occurs in southern United States and Mexico, its origin is probably 

 Neotropical having close affinity to the genus Chilelana from Chile and Bolivia. 



