106 R. W. CROSSKEY 



- Two post ia setae. Second supra-alar seta present (supra-alar area therefore with the 



normal total of three setae). Two or more prst dc setae (sometimes long and fine 

 and only weakly differentiated from the hairing). Antennae normal, not nearly 

 reaching to epistome and second segment not as long as eye-width. Entire facial 

 region pollinose, facial ridges not forming bare shining strips. Wings not bicolorous, 

 more or less hyaline or faintly and evenly smoky. Humeral callus with five or 

 more setae. Mesonotal and scutellar vestiture not so, the hairs not at all lanceolate; 

 abdomen otherwise coloured and patterned ....... 7 



7 Intermediate abdominal tergites (T3 and T4) without discal setae. Parafrontals 



wholly pollinose or if weakly pollinose so that some shining ground colour is 

 evident then not sharply demarcated in appearance from the parafacials. Normally 

 two -or three stpl setae, rarely only one ........ 8 



- Intermediate abdominal tergites (T3 and T4) with short stubby erect discal setae, 



normally one pair on each tergite (one or more such setae haphazardly missing in 

 occasional specimens). Parafrontals bare, non-pollinose, brilliantly shining and 

 sharply and abruptly differentiated from the normally pollinose parafacials. One 

 stpl seta ERISTALIOMYIA Townsend 



8 Tarsi entirely black. All thoracic and abdominal hair black. Abdomen brightly 



shining, with black mid line flanked by dark red-brown sides and black apex 



NO WICK I A Wachtl 



- Tarsi partly or wholly pale, yellow-orange or reddish. Some or most of either the 



thoracic or abdominal hair, often both, pale whitish, yellow-orange or golden-red 

 (except all black in Servillia atra and Tachina sacontala but then all tibiae and tarsi 

 yellow-orange). Abdomen not so ........ . 9 



9 Abdominal Ti + 2 with one pair of median marginal setae. All thoracic and 



abdominal hair black and very short, not at all furry . . TACHINA Meigen 



- Abdominal Ti + 2 with a transverse row of strongly spiniform median marginal setae, 



the row normally consisting of at least four such setae. Some at least of the 

 thoracic or abdominal hair pale, and the hair mostly very long, fine and furry (all 

 hair black in S. atra but then whole fly more or less black and abdominal T3 with a 

 continuous transverse marginal row of spiniform setae) SERVILLIA Robineau-Desvoidy 



SUBFAMILY GONIIXAE: KEYS TO THE TRIBES AND GENERA 



This enormous subfamily includes about half of the Oriental tachinid fauna. 

 Many of its constituent genera, such as Argyrophylax , Carcelia, Eo7enillia, Exorista, 

 Palexorista, Pseudogonia and Sisyropa, are familiar to the agricultural entomologist 

 in south-east Asia (as names at least) because they include the tachinid species 

 that are most commonly recorded as parasites of insect pests. Biologically, how- 

 ever, the subfamily is not very discrete or easy to define because its members show 

 a variety of ways of attacking the hosts. These are principally caterpillars and 

 pupae of Lepidoptera, but also include larval or adult Coleoptera and larval sawflies, 

 various members of the orthopteroid orders, and (rarely) the grubs of paper-making 

 wasps. 



The principal characteristics of adult Goniinae have been cited in an earlier 

 work (Crosskey, 1973& : 75). In practice it is extremely difficult to diagnose the 

 subfamily in a succinct way and no fully satisfactory definition exists: virtually 

 every character that could be cited as typical for the whole vast complex of included 

 forms has an exception somewhere amongst the included species that renders 

 recognition of the subfamily by straightforward key characters impossible. Simi- 



