14 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Eeid). Their name Cushat was with us contracted into cvshie, 

 and I have also heard cushie doo. 



The Lapwing is called the Peeseweep in Roxburghshire ; it is 

 the most common limicoline bird in that county, whilst in the 

 adjacent county of Selkirk the Curlew is more common. Lap- 

 wings may be observed during the summer on unreclaimed land, 

 and on hill-pastures, at an elevation of from 1000 ft. to 1500 ft. 

 above sea-level, between the Rule and the Jed. Curlew frequent 

 the hills which enclose the valley of the Yarrow — low, grass- 

 covered, and almost treeless hills, on which Cheviots and other 

 small sheep are depastured. The cries of the tvhaups are singu- 

 larly in unison with the monotonous and solitary uplands in 

 which they pass the spring and summer. An adage which runs 

 "There's a whaup in the raip " is almost unintelligible when 

 written thus ; but if we write it " There's a whaup in the rape,' 

 the meaning becomes clear at once. 



In winter Black-headed Gulls (which nest in inland places) 

 may be seen in localities at least thirty-five miles inland. If, as 

 is probable, they follow the courses of rivers — such as the Tweed 

 and its tributaries — the length of their journey is much more 

 than thirty-five miles. These Gulls are called pick-maws, a 

 compound word in which pick may be connected with pica and 

 pie ; maw is said to be a variant of meiv. Thus the whole word 

 may signify " pied gull," and may have originally been employed 

 to denote Black-backed Gulls, especially Larus marinas, and 

 have been transferred to the Black-headed Gull. 



I am indebted to Mr. Arthur R. Reid (Hobart), formerly a 

 resident of Easter Duddingston, near Edinburgh, for the par- 

 ticulars which follow relating to the local distribution of certain 

 species. Mr. Reid's communication relates to the eleven years 

 extending from 1877 to 1887, and it is, of course, possible that 

 some of the localities mentioned in it are no longer frequented 

 by the species herein named : — 



Mr. Reid observed Ring-Ouzels in Peeblesshire and Mid- 

 lothian on various occasions during the period which I have 

 defined ; Stonechats in the latter county ; Goldcrests frequently 

 in Bute, and occasionally in Midlothian ; Spotted Flycatchers 

 at Easter Duddingston, where, in 1887, they were plentiful, and 



