SCIENTIFIC WORK IN THE SEA-FISHERIES. 263 



the coastal fauna, occurred on the ridge itself. But what most 

 concerns us is his discovery of vast multitudes of young fishes of 

 the Cod tribe from Jan Meyen southwards — enough, and more 

 than enough, to supply all the needs of the North Sea. With 

 such enormous resources at command Nature is able to cope 

 with ever-increasing captures. 



Space would fail if allusion were made to all the scientific 

 (zoological) fisheries' papers, but some are so important on 

 general grounds that they should be briefly mentioned. Thus 

 Dr. Fulton found Cod, brought from grounds one hundred and 

 eighty to one hundred and ninety miles north-east of Aberdeen, 

 were spawning in autumn — another fact which increases the 

 safety of the Cod. Joh. Schmidt gives important information 

 on the young stages of the Cod tribe, of the Lings, Halibut, 

 long rough Dab, and Torsk. Dr. Kyle produces two papers for 

 the use of International workers, viz. " On the Literature of the 

 Ten Principal Food-fishes of the North Sea," and a " Catalogue 

 of the Fishes of Northern Europe." Dr. Wallace contributes an 

 able paper on the ear-bones of the Plaice in connection with age 

 and rate of growth. A. S. Jensen (Norway) writes on the ear- 

 bones of fishes from the bottom of the deep polar sea, and shows 

 that Cod may frequent the upper layers of the water and be 

 overlooked. A. C. Johansen describes the life-history of the 

 post-larval Eel. Dr. C. G. J. Petersen (Denmark) contributes 

 papers on the larval stage of the Ling, the larval and post-larval 

 stages of flat-fishes, on the larval Eels of the Atlantic coast, and 

 on the fisheries of the Cattegat and Sweden. Schmidt and 

 Petersen give an important account of the spawning-ground of 

 the Eel. 



On the whole, those papers on the larval and post-larval 

 stages of the food-fishes do not, with a few exceptions {e.g. 

 Schmidt and Petersen on the spawning-place of the Eel), show 

 much that is strikingly novel, for they had long before been 

 worked out from the egg to a recognizable stage at St. Andrews. 



Of zoological papers more suited for the work at marine 

 laboratories, and the expense of which was unnecessary, are 

 those on " Crustacea Collected during the Hydrographic Cruises," 

 " New Crustacea," " On Copepods," and on " A Siphonophore 

 {Muggicea atlantica) ." 



