Viola canina. Dogs Viol e t. 



VIOLA Linnai Gen, PL Syngenesia Monogamia. 



Calyx pentaphyllus* Corolla pentapetala, irregularis, poftice cornuta. Capfula 

 fupera, trivalvis, unilocularis. 



Rail Syn. Gen. 24.. Herb^: pentapetala vasculiferje. 

 VIOLA canina, caule adultiore adfcendente, foliis oblongo-cordatis. Linnai Syfi. Vegetal, p. 6684 

 VIOLA caule procumbente, ramofo, foliis petiolatis cordatis. Haller hifil. heh. m 563. 

 VIOLA canina, Scopoli FL Camiol n. 1098* 

 VIOLA martia inodora fylveftris. Bauhin. pin. p. 364. 

 VIOLA canina fylveftris* Ger. emac. 85 1. 

 VIOLA fylveftris. Parkin/on 755. Rati Syn. p. 364, Wild or Dogs Violet, Viola canina minor* 



Rail Syn. 364. /. 2^. fig. 1... Hud/on FL Angl. p, 331. 



RADIX perennis, crafiitie pennae coracis, obliqua, fi- ? ROOT perennial, about the thicknefs of a e row quill, 



bras longiufculas; ttnaces dimittens, fuperne | oblique, fending down fome longtfh. fibres of 



fubdentatus ex reliquiis petiolorum. % a toughifh fubftance, on the upper part fome- 



I what toothed or knobbed, from the remains 



I of the leaf ftalks. 



' . ? 



CAULIS fubere&us, triuncialis, fubangulofus, lavis, | STALK nearly upright, about three inches high, fome- 



■ folia fiorefque ferens, % what angular, fmooth, bearing both leaves and 



f flowers. 



% 

 FOLIA cordata, lasvia, crenata, fubtus faepe purpuraf- ? LEAVES heart-fhaped, fmooth, crenated, and often-' 



centia, fuperiora oblongo-cordata. | times purplifh underneath ; the upper leaves 



y of a longer mape. 



STIPULiE caulinae lanceolate, pilis rigidiufculis cilia- | STIPULE of the_ ftalk lanceolate, and edged with 



t£e. I itiffifh hairs. 



? 



PEDUNCULUS tetragonus, bra&aeis duabus fetaceis | FLOWER-STALK fquare, furnifhed with two nar- 



inftructus. % row pointed floral-leaves. 



% 



FLOS purpureus, inodorus, majufculus. | FLOWERS purple, fcentlefs, and rather large, 



% 



GALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis Ian- | CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves^ which are 



ceolatis, acuminatis, nervofis, bafi dentatis ; % lanceolate, pointed, rib'd, and indented at 



tribus fuperioribus fuperne tuberculofis, api- | the bafe ; the three uppermoft a little uneven 



cibus recurvatis, duobus inferioribus longiori- | on their upper furface, the points bending 



bus Jig. 1. % upward; the two lowermofl longer, fig. 1. 



COROLLA, ut ut Stamina cum Piftillo, a duabus fpe- | COROLLA, as well as the Stamina and " Piftillum, 



cibus jam defcriptis (vid. odorata et hirta) t differ very little from the two fpecies already 



vix difcrepant, petala lateralia bafi barbata | defcribed, (viz. the fweet-fcented and hairy) 



funt, fig. 2, petal umque inferius ad bafin li- J having the lateral petals, bearded at the bafe, 



n'eis faturate purpureas pingitur. | fig : 2 ; and the bafe of the lowermofl petal, 



I painted with deep purple lines, 

 f 



CAPSULA oblonga, trigona, trivalvis, valvulis cym- | CAPSULE oblong, three cornered, having three 



biformibus, fig. 3. y valves, which are boat-fhaped, fig. 3. 



SEMINA plurima, glabra, pallida, flavefcentia, in | SEEDS numerous, fmooth, of a pale yellowifh colour, 

 fingula valvula, 7, 9, fig. 4. $ in each valve 7 or 9, fig. 4, 



THE Dog Violet differs from the Sweet Violet in many particulars; the chief of which are, 



Firfi, The flowers have no fmell. 



Second, The flowers grow on foot-ftalks which fpring from the ftalk, and not the root, and are in general of 

 a larger fize. 



fthird, The flipulas, next the root and on the ftalk, are very ftrongly edged with ftiff hairs. 



Fourth, The fegments, or leaves of the calyx, are pointed. 



Fifth, The feed-venel is oblong and three corner'd. 



It differs from the hairy Violet alfo, in all thefe refpecls except the firfh 



The fame peculiar circumftance of producing feed during the fummer months, without any expanded corolla, 

 takes place alfo in this fpecies. 



It grows with us in greater abundance than either the Viola odorata or hirta, in our woods, and under hedges ; 

 and begins to flower in April, when both the others are going out of bloom. 



It varies in colour, being fometimes found with white blofloms- ; in fize alfo, according to the expofed or fhel- 

 tered fituation in which it grows, it differs very much : and there is little : doubt, but the Violet reprefented in 

 Ray's Synopfis, pi. 24, fig. I, is the Viola Canina in its fmail itate, though the figure be imperfect as to its 

 characters. 



.Haller obferves, that thofe who collect Violet bloffoms for making the fyrup, are apt to fubftitute this fpecies : 

 but this cannot often happen : fhould thefe flowers alone be expofed for fale, they may be detected by their want 

 of fmell ; mould they be mixed with a few of the fweet ones, they may be difcovered by the pointed mape of the 

 Laves of the calyx. 



