Cynoglossum Officinale. Houndst 



CYNOGLOSSUM Lin. Gen. PL Pentandria Monogynia. 



ONGUEt 



Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce claufa fdrnicibus. Stamina depreffa interior© 

 tantum latere ftylo affixa. 



fcaii Syn. Gen. 13. Herb^e asperifoli/e. 



CYNOGLOSSUM officinale ftaminibus corolla brevioribus, .foiiis latd lanceolatis tomentofis flftilibus, 

 Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 157. Sp: PL p. 192. F/. Suec. n. 58. 



CYNOGLOSSUM foiiis ellipticis, lanceolatis, fericeis, caule folioFo. Baiter: Bttft, n. 587, 



CYNOGLOSSUM officinale. Scopoli Fh Carnioh 191. 



CYNOGLOSSUM majus vulgare. Baubin. Pin, 257. Ger. emac. 804. Parkins, jrf; Great 

 Houndftongue. Rail Syn. ed. 3. p. ±26. Pludfo'n Fl. Ahgl. ed. 2. p. 80. Lighifoot 

 PL Scot, pi 133. 



RADIX biennis, craffitie digiti feu pollicis, pedalis etfROOT biennial, the thicknefs of the finger or thumb, a. 

 ultra, fufiformis, foris nigricans, intus r albida. | foot or more in length, tapering, biackiih ori 



% the outfide, and whitifh within. 



CAULIS bi feu tripedalis, ereclus, fulcato-angulatiis, I STALK two or three feet in height; upright, grooved 

 villofus, foliofiflimus, fuperne ramofus ; Rami% or angular, villous, very leafy, branched it 



plurimi, fubere£f.i, villofh | top ; Branches numerous, nearly upright and 



y villous, 



FOLIA radicalia magna, pedalia et ultra, petiolata, ova- * LEAVES proceeding from the root large, a foot br-rnore 



ta, acuta, lericea hirfutie incana, venofa, cau I in length, (landing on footftalks; bvate, 



lina, faltem fuperiora fefulia, conferta, Iparfa, t pointed, covered with a filky down which 



erecla, lanceolata, bafi latiora. | gives them a greyifh colour, veiny, thole of 



3: the fralk at leaft the Uppermcft ones feffile, 



I numerous, placed irregularly on the ftaik, up- 



y right, lanceolate, and broadeft at the bafe. 



FLORES primo fbrdide rubentes, demum cagrulefcentes, t FLOWERS at firft of a dull red colour, afterwards be- 



racemofi, fecundi. | coming blueifli, growing in raceini or long 



t bunches, and hanging all one way. 



% 



PEDUNCULI tereteSj-alterni, pubefcentes. ^RACEMl nearly upright, and generally naked. 



I FLOWER-STALKS round, alternate* and downy. 



CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, foliolis | CALYX : Perianthium deeply divided into five feg- 

 ovato-lanceolatis, ereclis, pubefcentibus, obtu- 1 ments, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, upright, 



fiufculis, interne nitidis, jig. 1. I downy, bluntifh, (hiiaing on the infide. fig. 1. 



COROLLA : monopetala, infundibuliformis; Tubus cy- 1 COROLLA monopetalous, funnel*fhaped, Tube cylindri- 

 lindraceus, craflus, pallidus, calyce duplo bre- | cal, thick, of a pale Colour, half the length of 



vior ; Limbus concavus, quinquefidus, laciniisf the calyx. Limb concave, divided into five 



rotundatis. Jig. 2, 3. | roundifh fegments. fig, 2, 3. 



NECTARIUM : Squamce quinque, purpurea?, anticef NECTARY : five purple Scales, anteriorly hollow, gib- 

 concaviuiculae, vertice gibba?, obtufa?, margin) | bous at top, blunt, inferted into the edge of the 



tubi infertae, limbo duplo breviores, conni- | tube, half the length of the limb, clofing to- 



ventes. Jig. 4. Faux corollae perforata. % gether. fig. 4. Mouth of the corolla perforated. 



STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, breviffima ; An- 1 STAMINA: five Filaments, very fhort. Anthers 

 ther^ oblongae, virides, fubfquamis nectareis ? oblong, green, hid under the fcaly nectaries, 



recondite Jig. 5. ' f J*S- S- 



PiSTILLUM : Germina quatuor, e luteo-virefcentia,fPISTILLUM: Germina four, of a yellowifh green 

 glabra; Stylus fubulatus longitudine ft ami- 1 colour, fmooth. Style tapering, the length 



num, perfiftens ; Stigma obtufum, emargi-^ of the (lamina, permanent. Stigma blunt and 



natum. fig. 6. f nicked. Jig. 6. 



PERICARPIUM: Capsula quatuor depreffa?, fubro-t SEED-VESSEL: four flat Capsules of a roundifh 

 tundse, fcabras, non dehifcentes, apice affixae. I fhape, fomewhat prickly, not opening, fixed 



Jig. 7. j by their points, fig. 7. 



SEMINA iolitaria, fubovata, gibba* acuminata, glabra. * SEEDS fingle, fomewhat ovate, gibbous, pointed and 

 fig- 8. | fmooth. jig. 8. 



The leaves of this plant are in fhape thought to refemble a DogVtongue, whence its name. 



It grows wild by road fides, and in uncultivated places; and is particularly common about Charlton, and in the 

 road to Lewijliam. 



It flowers in June and July, and ripens its feeds in Augujl and September. 



The whole plant has a difagreeable fmell, much refembling that of mice. Its effects are faid to be narcotic; 

 and an inftance is related in the Hi/I. Oxon. 3. 450*, in which the leaves boiled by miftake for thofe of Comfrev, 

 difordered a whole family, and proved fatal to one. Ear on Haller quotes Dr. Blair as defenbing a cafe fome- 

 what fimilar; but in that inftance the plant uled was not the Cynoglofium, but the Pulmonaria maritima f ; a plant 

 one would not fufpecT; of being poifonous. 1 



Houndftongue has been ufedin medicine both internally and externally; but the prefent practice takes no notice 

 of it in any intention. 



Cattle in general diflikeit; but the Goat, who with impunity will eat Deadly Nightfhade and Tobacco, is faid 

 fometimes to crop this naufeous plant ; it is the natural food of the caterpillar of the fcarlet tyger-moth {PhaUna 

 Dommula) which may be found on it in April and May. 



The Cynoglojfum minus folio virente Ger. emac. 805, is confidered by Linnaeus merely as a variety of this plant, 

 and defcribed by Ray as growing in the London road between Kelvedon and Witham in Effex, but more plentifully 

 about Braxjiedby the way fides. It has alfo been obferved in fome fhady lanes about Worcejler by Mr. Pitts ; at 

 Southefid, by Eltham, plentifully, Mr. J. Sherard; by the road fide, about a mile beyond IValtham-abbey, towards 

 Harlow, Mr. Newton ; At Norbury in Surrey, a mile from Leatherhead, plentifully. Merr. Pin. 



* " Mulier quasdam Oxoniemls, et nnritus cum liberis, et quotquot erant iftius familiae, folia Cynogloffi (pro tene'lis Symphyti fcliis -collcvfta) co£ht, 

 " libere comedebant ; et prandio mux omnes aegro fe habebant, et non mill to poll vomitus moieftus iafeqiiebatur, deinde itupore et fomno correpri 

 '* funt, nee poll horas fere 40 penitus excitati ; unus autepi naortuas efl." 



t flair's Mifcellaneous Obfervations, p. 55, 



