IPSACUS SYLVESTRIS. 



ild Teasel 



DIPSACUS Lin. "Gen. PL Tetrandria Monosynxa 



Calyx communis, polypliylius ; propria* fuperur.. Recept. paleaceum. 



Rail Syn. Gen. 8. Herb^e corymbiferis affines. 

 DIPSACUS capitufis ovatis, foliis arcuatis circumvallatis, ariftis fquamarum recYis. Haller hrfl, n. 198. 

 DIPSACUS fylveftris feu Labruin Veneris. /. B. III. 74. 

 DIPSACUS fyiveftris aut Virga pafroris major. C. B. pm. 385. 

 DIPSACUS fyiveftris. Ger. emac. i 167» Parkins: 984. 



Ruclfan. FL Angl. ed. 1. p. 6. 



L'tghtfoot FL Scot. p. 113. 



Jacqu'm FL Aujlr. t. -402. 



RADIX biennis, fimpleX, nbns majufculis donatus. 



CAULIS tripedalis ad orgyalem, _ ramofus, teres, 

 ftriatus, inanis, inferius fpinis rarius difpofitis, 

 prope capitula creberrimis horridus» 



FOLIA radicalia primi anni fupfa terfam in orberri 

 fparfa, ovato-oblonga, obtufiufcula, crenato- 

 ferrata, rugofa, fpinulis rarioribus afpera, 

 ' caulina faltem inferiora minus rugoia, bail 

 adeo connata ut finum magnum efficiant, poft 

 pluvias aqua plenum, ovato-acuta, crenata, 

 ipinis ad marginem et nervum medium ra- 

 rius obfitum, fiitmma minus connata, magif- 

 que lanceolata, integerrima et fere inermia. 



CAPiTULA pktrima, folitaria, erecia, ovato-oblonga, 

 fubacuminata» 



FLORES purpurei, circa medium capituli primo 



erumpentes» 

 INVOLUCRUM polypbylium, foliolis fublinearibus, 



rigidis, fpinulofis, furfum arcuatis, longi- 



tudine capituli, inaequalibus. 



CALYX: Peri ant hium proprium, minimum, viride, 

 ciliatum. fig. 1. 



COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa ; Tubus infuhdibuli- 

 formis, bafi attenuates, albidus, ad lentem 

 villofulus ; Limbus quadrifidus/erectup, pur- 

 pureas, laciniis obtufis, extima majori.jig* 2» 



STAMINA: Filament a quatuor, albida, capiliaria, 

 re&a, tubo corollas inferta; Antherje 111- 

 cumbentes, oblongse, violacear. fig. 3. 



PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, tetragonum, albi- 

 dum, fulcatum, margine fuperne viridi ; 

 Stylus filiformis albus, corolla paulo brevior; 

 Stigma canaliculatum, fubinflexum fig. 4. 

 5.6. 



RECEPT ACULUM paleaceum, paleis longitudine 

 ftaminum, rigidis, ariffatis, fupremis longi- 

 oribus, bail concavis, fubtriangularibus ; 

 Arifia acuminata, recla, hifpidula. fig. 8. 



ROOT biennial, fimple, furnimed with large fibres. 



STALK from three to fix feet high, branched, round, 

 ftriated, hollow, fpinous, fpines near the 

 bafe but few, near the heads very numerous, 

 long andfharp. 



LEAVES : radical leaves of the firft years plant 

 fpread on the ground in a circular form, are 

 of an oblong oval fhape, bluntifh at the point, 

 notched oil the edges, wrinkled, and rough 

 with fpines thinly fcatter'd over the leaf, 

 thofe of the jlalk at leaft the lowermoft ones, 

 are lefs wrinkled, and United at the bafe in 

 fuch a maimer as to form a large cavity, 

 which contains water after rain* of an oval 

 pointed fhape, notched, and thinly befet with 

 fpines oil the edge and mid-rib, the ufpefmofl 

 leaves (lightly united at the bafe, narrower, 

 entire, and almoft free from fpines. 



HEADS numerous, growing fingly on footftalks, up- 

 right, of an oblong egg fhape, fomewhat 

 pointed at top. 



FLOWERS purple, firft breaking forth about the 

 middle of the head. 



INVOLUCRUM compofed of many leaves which are? 

 fomewhat linear, rigid, befet with fmall 

 fpines, bending upwards, the length of the 

 heads, unequal. 



CALYX : the Perianthium of each flofcule is very 

 minute, green and edged with hairs, fig. 1 . 



COROLLA monopetalous, tubular; the lube funnel- 

 Ihaped, narrowed at the bafe, whitim and 

 (lightly villous if magnified ; the Limb divi- 

 ded into four fegments, upright, purple, the 

 fegments obtufe, the outermoft largeft.y^-. 2. 



STAMINA : four Filaments, of a whitim colour, 

 very fine, ftraight, inferted into the tube of 

 the corolla ; Anther* incumbent, oblong, 

 of a violet colour, fig. 3. 



PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the calyx, four 

 corner'd, whitifh, grooved, the edge on the 

 upper part green ; Style thread-fhaped, 

 white, a .little fhorfcer than the corolla, 

 Stigma channeled and bent a little in. 

 fig. 4. 5. 6. 



RECEPTACLE chaffy chafFthe length of the Stamina, 

 rigid, bearded, the uppermofl longeft, at bot- 

 tom hollow, and fomewhat triangular ; the 

 Beard or awn running out to a long, ftraight, 

 and fomewhat hifpid point, fig. 8. 



THE antient Botanifts always confidered the wild and the manured Teafel as two diitinct. fpeeies, and 'till the 

 time of Linmeus but one opinion prevailed on the fubjecT:, that great Botanift too haftily concluded that the Dip- 

 facusfullonumvfte only a variety of the fyfoefiris, fome few have implicitly followed that opinion, but Haller and 

 "jacauin diftinguifhed by their nice difcernment and accurate defcriptions unite in confidering the (yhejlris as a 

 fpeeies totally" diftindt from the fulkn&m • > n the manured Teafel the leaves of the Involucrum are fhort and hori- 

 zontally extended, in the wild one they are long and encircle the head, the Paleas in the former are always hooked 

 at the extremity, in the latter never, tho' cultivated, many other diftinctions will be pointed out when we give the 

 hiflory and manner of cultivating the manured Teafel. 



This fpeeies grows very commonly on the edges of paftures, in uncultivated places, by road fides, and flowers 

 from July to September. . 



The water collected in the baton form'd by the union of the leaves towards the bottom of the (talk is faid to 

 cure warts on the hands if feveral times wafhed with it, and hence Ray conjectures this plant might have received 

 its name of Labrum Veneris. ; « ; . 



Cattle in general even the Afs appear to avoid it ; as is fhewn by the dried ftems and heads which remain ail 

 the winter, but there is a fmall Moth about twice the fize of the Euonymella, fpeckled with black, which finds 

 its way into this formidable plant, and makes a comfortable and fecure dotnicihum of its ipmous head. vid. 

 Motif et Theat. Jnfett. p. 256, Rait cat aU plant, circa Cant. p. 45. 



