SlNAPIS ARVENSIS. CHARLOCK. 



SINAPIS Lin. Gen. PL Tetr adynamia Siliquosa. 



Cal. patens. Cor. ungues re&i. Glandula inter {lamina breviora et piftillum, 

 interque longiora et calycem. 



Rati Syn. Gen. 15. Herbje tetrapetal^e siliq.uosje et siliculosje. 



SINAPIS arven/is filiquis multangulis torofo-turgidis lsevibus roftro ancipiti longioribus. Lin. Syft. 

 Vegetab.p. 503. Sp. Plant, p. 933. Fl. Suec. 610. Haller. Hijl. n. 467. 



SINAPIS arvenfis. Scopoli Fl. Cam, n. 842. 

 RAPISTRUM flore luteo. Bauh. Pin. 95. 



RAPISTRUM arvorum. Ger. emac. 233. Parkin/. 862. Raii Syn. 295. Charlock or Wild Muftard. 

 Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 298. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 360. 



RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, rigida, albida. j ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, rigid, and whitifh. 



CAULIS pedalis, fefquipedalis, et ultra, ramofus, teres, | STALK from one to a foot and a half high, upright, 

 iolidus, ftriato-fulcatus, hifpidus, purpurafcens, | branched, round, folid, ftriated or grooved, 



ramis diffufis. | hifpid, and purplim, the branches fpreading 



I wide. 



FOLIA alterna, petiolata, patentia, fcabriufcula, ve- % LEAVES alternate, ftanding on foot-ftalks, fpreading, 

 nofa, dentato-ferrata, ovato-lanceolata, fgepe| roughifli, veiny, indented or ferrated, ovato- 



integra, fepius vero bafi finuata, raro pinnata. % lanceolate, often entire, but moft commonly 



I j a gg ec ^ at tne bafe, rarely pinnated. 



FLORES lutei, terminales, pedunculati. I FLOWERS of a yellow colour, growing in heads, and 



I ftanding on flower- flalks. 



PEDUNCULI longitudine calycis; hifpiduli. | FLOWER- STALKS the length of the calyx, (lightly 



.... I r hil P id ' 



CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis linean- | CALYX : a Perianthium of four leaves, the leaves 



bus, canaliculars, patentibus, flavis, obtufis, % linear, hollowed above, fpreading, yellow, 



pilofis, fig. 1. I blunt and hairy, fig. 1. 



COROLLA: Petala quatuor, lutea, obcordata, un- % COROLLA: four Petals of a yellow colour, in- 

 guiculata, patentia, unguibus longitudine fere | verfely heart- fhaped, fpreading, claws almoft 



calycis, fig. 1, % the length of the calyx, fig. 2. 



NECTAR1A : Glandula quatuor faturate virides. | NECTARIES : four Glands of a deep green colour. 



STAMINA: Filamenta fex, quorum duo breviora, | STAMINA : fix Filaments, two of which are (horter 

 lutea, fubulata. Anthers concolores, in-? than the reft, yellow and tapering. Anthers 



cumbentes, primo fagittatas, apicibus demumf of the fame colour, incumbent, firft: arrow- 



revolutis, fig. 3. % fhaped, tips finally rolling back, fig. 3. 



PISTILLUM: Germen cylindraceum, longitudine fere | PISTILLUM : Germen cylindrical, almoft the length 

 ftyli, et paulo craflior, nunc laeve, nunc hir- $ of the ftyle, and a little thicker, fometimes 



futulum. Stylus longitudine ftaminum.| fmooth, fometimes a little hairy. Style the 



Stigma capitatum, bilabiatum, fig. 4. length of the ftamina. Stigma forming a 



I little head, divided into two lips, fig. 4. 



PERICARPIUM: Siliq.ua teres, vix angulofa, patens, | SEED-VESSEL a round Pod, fcarce perceptibly angu- 

 laevis aut hirfuta, polyfperma, roftro brevi fub- ¥ lar, fpreading, fmooth or hirfute, containing 



tetragono terminata, Jig. 5, 6. | many feeds, terminated by a fhort fomewhat 



a. four-cornered beak, fig. 5, 6. 



SEMINA plurima, minuta, nigricantia. ¥ SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackifh. 



There are three plants peculiar to corn fields, which, in various parts of the kingdom, are more or lefs common, 

 and all of which are apt indifcriminately to be called Charlock ; thefe are the Sinapis arvenfis, Sinapis alba, and 

 Raphanus Raphamfirum ; the firft and the laft of which are by far the raoff general. The name of Charlock ought, 

 however, to be confined to the Sinapis arvenfis, the moft noxious weed of the three, and as fuch moft carefully to 

 extirpated from among the corn. 



The leaves of this plant, on their firft appearing above ground, and for fome time afterwards, refemble thofe 

 of the turnip fo much, that we have known an intelligent farmer deceived by them, and miftaken in his 

 crop. The whole plant, when young, is often eaten by the labouring part of the community ; and, like turnip- 

 tops, is no bad fubftitute to other culinary plants in times of fcarcity. 



June is the month in which the Charlock flowers moft plentifully ; but it may frequently be found in bloflbm 

 earlier, as well as much later. It is not confined to corn fields, but is almoft equally common among rubbim. 



It varies much in height, colour of its ftalk, number of its branches, and degree of hairinefs. Among corn it 

 grows taller, and is leis branched. The ftalk, in fome fituations, is wholly green ; but is more frequently purple 

 at the joints, and very often wholly fo. The feed-veflels alfo vary much in colour and hairinefs. We have not 

 obferved the flowers fubje£t to any variation of colour. 



For the means of diftinguifhing it from the Raphanus Raphamfirum, which at firft fight it confidecably refembles, 

 vid. Raphanus Raphanijlrum already figured. 



