104 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Ocean, got at 446 fathoms (2676 ft.), has no gill-rakers on the 

 outer side of the first arch ; a piece of membranous skin is 

 fastened to it and to the side of the mouth, and there is a slit 

 opening between the skin and the arch. The inner side of this 

 arch has small tubercles for gill-rakers. There are ten up- 

 standing tubercle gill-rakers on the outside of the second arch, 

 with smaller ones on the inside. Both sides of the third and the 

 outside of the fourth arch have similar tubercle gill-rakers. 

 They all fit into each other fairly closely, and they all carry 

 needle-point-like teeth. A large group of cardiform teeth on 

 the heads of the third and fourth epibranchials form the upper 

 pharyngeal teeth. The lower pharyngeal teeth form a V-shape 

 on the floor of the gullet. On the head of the second epi- 

 branchial there is a small patch of well-marked papillae. 



Bathygadus furvescens, a ^deep-sea fish from the Indian 

 Ocean, got at 555 fathoms (3330 ft.), has twenty long horny 

 gill-rakers on the first cerato-hypobranchial arch ; the longest 

 one, at the angle, being one and a half times the depth of the 

 gill-laminse below it. There are five similar gill-rakers on the 

 first epibranchial. All the gill-rakers are feebly toothed. On 

 the inside of the first, both sides of the second and third, and the 

 outside of the fourth arch there are short horny gill-rakers. 

 For the upper pharyngeal teeth there is a group on the limb of 

 the third epibranchial of small cardiform teeth, and an oval 

 shield with rather larger cardiform teeth on the head of the 

 same ; and a rather large group, but of smaller sized teeth 

 again, on the head of the fourth epibranchial. Two small 

 distinct groups of teeth form the lower pharyngeal teeth. 



Berycidje. 

 Hoplostethus mediterraneus. The specimen examined came 

 from the Indian Ocean, and was got at a depth of 320 fathoms 

 (1920 ft.). It has fourteen long horny gill-rakers on the cerato- 

 hypo portion of the first branchial arch, with six on the 

 epibranchial. All the gill-rakers are teeth-bearing. The longest 

 one, at the angle, is twice the depth of the gill-laminae below it 

 in length. On the outside of the second arch the gill-rakers are 

 fairly long, but much shorter than those on the first arch ; on 

 the inside of the first and second arches, on both sides of the 



