THE « LAPILLUS" IN FISHES. 261 



shaped like a grape-seed. In Conger vulgaris it is a well developed 

 stone also. 



POLYNEMID^. 



Polynemus tetradactylus, called the " Mangoe " fish at Cal- 

 cutta (fig. 11), has a fairly large lapillus for the size of the fish, 

 and the largest in this family. In P. indicus, P. plebeius, and 

 P. sextarius the lapilli decrease in size in the fishes in the order 

 named. 



MaCRURID^!. 



In Macrurus investigatoris, from the Indian Ocean (fig. 12), 

 the lapillus is small, of a generally circular shape, with a feeble 

 double projection at one side. 



Gadid^. 

 In this family the lapillus is not correspondingly developed 

 to the size of the sagittal. Gadus morrhua (the Cod) (fig. 13) 

 has one of a roughly quadrate shape and rather lumpy. 



Serranid.33. 

 The lapillus of Lutjanus annularis is of a grape-seed shape 

 (fig. 14) ; this should be given a quarter of a turn to the right to 

 get the shape defined. 



PSEUDOCHROMIDES. 



Lopholatilus chamceleonticeps (the Tilefish) (fig. 15) has, com- 

 pared to its sagitta, but a very moderately-sized lapillus, of a 

 grape-seed shape. 



SCLENIDiE. 



In this family the lapilli vary in size ; some have a large 

 one, e.g. Sciana carutta (fig. 16), of oblong shape, with a con- 

 cave border one side, whilst others have a comparatively small 

 one, e. g. S. maculata (fig. 17) ; both these specimens came from 

 the Indian Ocean, and in the adult stage grow to much the 

 same size. 



SPARID.iE. 



Pagellus erythrinus (fig. 18). The outline of the stone comes 

 to a pointed projection in one part. P. centrodontus (the Sea 

 Bream) has an oblong outline with a projection at one angle. 

 Box salpa, a Mediterranean fish, has a solid little lumpy stone 

 with a projection adhering to it. Pagellus mormyrus, also from 

 the Mediterranean, is similar in shape to P. centrodontus, but 



