OYSTEBCATCHEB AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. 345 



pair to ten or more pairs in each station. Denoted by the 

 nearest place-name on the map, they are, from above downwards, 

 Faskally, Clunie, Pitlochry, Black Spout, Dunavourd, Haugh, 

 Moulinearn, Logierait Wood, and Ballinluig. (Ballinluig Island 

 is here included in the Logierait station.) 



Faskally has already been described. It is quite a typically 

 favourable river station, having a fairly large and high shingle - 

 bed, well secured from intrusion ; a terraced local feeding-ground 

 in pasture ; and general or distant feeding-grounds which, how- 

 ever, are rather far away. The Clunie area is much disturbed, 

 and is backed directly by a steep, wooded bank. No young birds 

 have been seen here. The Pitlochry station is the first of the 

 large areas, the extensive and high bank of shingle being 

 centred by a small grassy island with a few pine trees. The 

 cone is beautifully terraced, and is in pasture. It now forms a 

 public park. No birds breed here. The Black Spout and 

 Dunavourd areas are similar to Faskally in all respects, except 

 that general feeding-grounds are not far away. Dunavourd 

 ceased to be occupied when the pasture of the local feeding- 

 ground was ploughed. The Haugh station, though very large, 

 has a simple composition. There is an extensive and high bank 

 of shingle containing a grassy island. The alluvial flat has 

 considerable extent, is obscurely terraced. Most of it is pasture, 

 but portions farthest from the river are under cultivation. The 

 area is much disturbed by tbe human population. Moulinearn 

 and Logierait are large stations with diverse features. A more 

 intensive examination will probably break them up into several 

 distinctive areas. The upper part of the Moulinearn margin is 

 composed of large stones having more an appearance of moraine 

 than of river shingle. It grades into a belt of true shingle, 

 which spreads out into a large area of shingle below the alluvial 

 cone. The latter is mainly in pasture, distinctly terraced, and 

 marked with clumps of whins, shallow irregular mud-pits and 

 sand-bunkers. The basal part is cultivated, and there is a back- 

 water with wide, muddy margins. The Logierait area measures 

 over 1600 metres in length by 400 metres in breadth. The 

 upper part is a terraced alluvial cone in pasture with a shingle 

 fringe of considerable size. At the extreme north-western corner, 

 what appears to be morainic material, similar to that found at 



