4 P. A. ØYEN | No. 3 



same age. Consequently, we ought to regard this deposit at 

 Kolvik as having been laid down from the muddy water of a 

 glacial river fading away into a bay of the ice-sea. 



In the summer of 1907, I had an opportunity of examining 

 this deposit at Kolvik that proved to be highly interesting. 

 At a distance of only ten metres from the very shore-line and 

 nearly on a level with the sea, only rising to the altitude of about 

 one metre, a deposit was met with that with a thickness of only 

 a little more than half a metre proved to contain layers from 

 very different periods, distinctly characterized by the rich occur- 

 rence of leading fossils, the deposition having of course gone on 

 rather slowly. 



The layers of fine and muddy clay that formed the main part of 

 the deposit proved to contain a true arctic fauna, very rich as to 

 the occurrence of individuals, though not as to the occurrence of 

 species. As is also known from other localities of the same 

 kind in the southern part of Norway, this is only to be regarded 

 as quite a general phenomenon. This clay deposit was, however, 

 covered with a more sandy material containing a rather mixed 

 occurrence of fossils, evidently washed out and accumulated 

 through the oscillating action of sea-waves for periods of rather 

 long duration, as is clearly proved by the shifting of biological 

 forms and their comparatively rich variation. It has been a 

 work of great interest to trace the connection between those 

 different forms in order to obtain the sequence of strata washed 

 together in this compound deposit. 



I. 



We may place in the first group the fossil species that we 

 do not hesitate in regarding as derived from the deposits of the 

 Ra- stage, and, moreover, as indicated above, we may justly 

 regard that main deposit as corresponding with the deposition of 

 the older or outer moraine range. The character of this fauni- 

 stic group is a true arctic one, as is clearly shown by comparing 

 each of the species, here mentioned, with the varieties of the 



