44 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 
About 20 species of wide geographical distribution, about half of them occurring in North America. Type 
species, Sambucus nigra L. 
Inflorescence a flat-topped, compound cyme; ripe berries with white evanescent bloom 
Many-stemmed shrubs; cymes 12-30 cm. broad; leaflets usually gradually erinainete ane gnatkedly asym- 
metrical at base. L, Se 
Usually arborescent; cymes 7-15 cm. broad; leaflets typically abruptly acuminate and pi righety to not 
at all asymmetrical at base. 2. S. mexicana. 
Inflorescence pyramidal or dome-shaped in outline; berries without bloom. 
Ripe berries black. 3. S. melanocarpa. 
Ripe berries bright red, rarely chestnut or yellow 
Leaflets closely serrate to the apex, more or desi pubescent beneath. . S. pubens arborescens. 
Leaflets coarsely and sharply serrate except at the apex, mostly glabrous beneath, E 
. S. microbotrys. 
1. Sambucus caerulea Raf. Blue Elderberry. Fig. 5029. 
Sambucus caerulea (cerulea) Raf. Alsog. Amer. 48. 1838. 
Sambucus glauca Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 13. 1841. 
F UCU. 1872 
D : bE 
Sambucus caerulea var. pias Schwerin, Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 1909: 37, bee 1909. 
Sambucus decipiens M. E. Jon gee" Univ. Mont. Biol. Ser. 15: 46. 1910. 
Sana ferax A. Nels. Bot. psig : 225. 1912 
nentell a Heller ex ae Deuts. Rashi: Ges. 1920: 218. 1920, in synonymy. 
Shrub of clustered erect stems 3-7 m. high sprouting freely from the base, the panei stems 
usually a few centi ni in diameter, the young stems and branches brown and of laucous. 
Leaves 535 dm. long, the pe etioles 4-8 cm. lo ong and often eae nea (teaves of vigorous 
stems up to 6 dm. eit ae nd not infrequently bipinn ate) ; leaflets 5-9, green above and paler be- 
neath, rather thick, 6-16 cm. long, often long- sence ta Sects fascias to oblong-lanceolate 
taperin i base and typically s = metri 
dis. isappear under moist con 
Woods and thickets, Sanne and Canadian Zones; southern British Columbia southwa rd west and east of 
the Castade Siouneaies to the Siskiyou region of northw western California, and to northeastern California southward 
) ierra Nevada t i ¥ unt Pi r ' o Alberta 
through the Sier o the mountains of San Bernardino County and the Moun os region; als rt 
and Montana south to northern es and New Mexico, In the Sierra Nevada and the desert ranges eastward 
in Nevada, many specimens are with a close velvety tomentum on the petioles and undersurfaces of the 
leaves. Gl abrous but similar “plants. ecu in the same localities. Type locality: ‘near Oregon Mts.” Collected 
it. 
Sambucus caerulea var. Aekehexicins Rehd. Deuts. Dendr. Ges, 1915: 228. 1915. (Sambucus neomexi- 
cana Wooton, Bull. q otte Club 25: 309. 1898; S. intermedia var. ne valle tcana Schwerin, Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 
1909: 38, 328. 1909; S. glauca neomexicana A. Nels. in Coult. Nels. New Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 469. 1909; 
S. caerulea 3. trifida Schwerin, Deuts. sgh ag 1920: 218. 1920; S. trifida Heller = gouge loc. cit. in 
synonymy.) Habit of S. caerulea var. caeru leaflets 3— 5(), about 3-8 cm. lon ng, m. wide, in ours 
oblong-lanceolate, serrate with rather small teeth, thickish, pale green; inflorescence ra Fm. 
canyons or among boulders, Arid Transition Zone; Mésenie Peak, Mono County, fad ‘the bidetadg go 
of Inyo County, California, and in Pe a Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona and also Sonora 
ate Foe Ruidoso Crossing, White Mountains, New Mex 
2. Sambucus mexicana Presl ex DC. Southwestern or Desert Elderberry. 
Fig. 5030. 
Sambucus mexicana Presl ex DC.. Prod. 4: 322. 1830. 
Sambucus velutina Dur. & Hilg. Journ. Acad. Phila. I. . 439; 1855. 
Sambucu Lachapade iS Var. Mexicana Salk: Silva 5: 88. pl. 893. 
Sambucus caerulea var. glauca Schwerin, Deuts. Dendr. Ges 1909: 37, 328. 1909, in part. 
raepaectvat canrales. var. vehatiaa a loc. o . inp 
e, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2: 99. poeek 
ambucus coriacea Greene, loc. cit. 
?Sambucus fimbriata Greene, ioe. ett. 
aerate suennren So Schwerin, or a Ges. 1920: 218. 1920. 
ata var. erula Schwerin, 
a pebatwy orbiculata var. abe [od =: cit. 
. arizonica Sarg, Man. Trees N. Amer. ed. 2. 885. 1922. 
sambaces glauca v Meds arieonticn 5 Sawe ex Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 965. 1925. 
, not Nutt. 
hosris cueeuled var. mevicann ©: Benson, Amer. Journ. Bot. 30: 240. 1943. 
m. high with 1 o e trunks having furrowed bark (these 15-45 c 
in diameter), and also areal smaller io ieiaie from base, the smaller branches gla s 
omentulose. Leaflets 5-7, less often 3, oval, te-lanceolate, or oblong, abruptly acuminate, 
times cuspidate, and or cuneate at base, usually not —— ped Soe gases Taage petio- 
lulate to inf — 2-6 cm. long, coarsely or finely serrate except apex, , 
green aces, glabrous to densely tomentulose including the piniies and petiolules ; in- 
florescence a compound, at-topped cyme 5-15 cm. broad, the shiek pee yellow to creamy white ; 
pe fruit 5-6 mm. in diameter, dark blue or blackish, and when fu lly ripe coecese with a dense 
whit — 
eam banks, open flats, and hill slopes, mostly confined to the Sonoran Zones; Sacramento-San Joaquin 
