58 VALERIANACEAE 
pine slopes, meadows, slong creek Deon and also in coniferous woods, Boreal Zone; southern Or regon 
and hg Sierra Nevada of California to Tulare County, ae ie ela Nevada. Type 1 ocality : ridge south of 
ce Pass ,500 feet, Ne si rhe Caer California ig 
aleriana ee subsp. pubicarpa (Rydb.) F _ Mo. Bot. Gard. 38: 406. 1951. (Valeriana 
pubicorra Rydb. Bull. dy Sig Etub 36: 697. 1909; vo Poe sebeoios "Rydb. loc. cit.; V. cusickit Gandoger, Bull. 
Bo T. 65% 36, 8; V. utahensis Ga ndoger, op. ci ; V. maculata Eastw. Leaflets West. Bot. 3: 
1941 ) This subspecies differs from the above in its uniformly puberulent stems and mostly entire and glabrous 
leaves. On stony sagebrush slopes or eee pines and on talus slopes in the mountains; hg Montana, 
western Behe pa aon central ane ho northern Utah; foray gs Oregon to the Charleston Mountains of 
4. Valeriana columbiana Piper. Wenatchee Valerian, F ig. 5056. 
Valeriana columbiana Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489, 1896. 
Stems leafy from stout nego 0.5-3.0 dm. tall, glabrescent above, uniformly puberulent 
below. Basal leaves formin gaia — petiolate, undivided, broadly ovate to ovate- oblong 
or sometimes suborbicu lar, etic ‘tied 1.0-3.5 cm. wide, irregularly dentate to entire or 
nearly so, glabrous or the veins eres s pilosulose ; cauline leaves airs, 412 cm. long, 
perm a 
mine, .9-2.0 mm. wide, elgg hese oth, sometimes purple-ma oath 
en to forested rocky slopes fa sag ntains, Arid Transition me rit Canadian Zones; north-central 
Washin oe ie a kai = Mountsidx a (so locality: ‘‘side hill above Farwell’s hone west of Wenatchee,” 
elan County 
5. Valeriana occidentalis Heller. Western Valerian. Fig. 5057. 
p cheriaws wepidentalts Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 269. 1898. 
E. Nels. Erythea 7: 166, 1899. 
Stems more or less leafy from the rhizomes, 4.5-9.0 dm. tall, oo = papecipon sees Basal 
leaves petiolate, undivided or pinnate to pin natifid, oblong to narrowly o r less 
spatulate, rarely suborbicular, 12-30 cm. long, essentially entire, glabrous, pte . ad fine: inal 
lobe of the divided leaves 2-10 cm. long, 1.3-6.0 cm. wide, short-acuminate or obtuse, the lateral 
lobes 1-2 pairs, soting * maller ; cee leaves 24 me s, the hewecu it short-petiolate, pinnate 
to pinnatifid or sometimes undivide d, 4.5-14.5 cm long, the upper toes sessile and much re- 
uced, the ieroial | lobe oblong- linear, ovate to obovate 6.8 c¢ ong, 1-4 on wide, acute 
or obtuse, the nage lobes 1-6 pairs, grading smaller ; inflorescences ths rsiform with gynodi pera 
owers ; ‘corolla rotate to subrotate, 3.0-3.5 mm. ong, white, the tube slightly HA, | ei stam 
and style ex sexi — inear- to ovate- oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, spatsely to si 
, tawny. 
O 
fornia, and eastward to ctor Nevede and Utah; also Wyo and Pabbude. Type ais near the 
western end of the Craig Mountain plateau, above Lake Waha, 5 pes tous county, Idaho.”’ May 
6. Valeriana dioica subsp. sylvatica (Sol. ex Richards.) F. G. Mey. Wood 
Valerian. Fig. 5058. 
Valeriana sylvatica Sol. ex Richards. in Frankl. 1st joe Bot. App. 730. 1823. 
Valeriana wyomingensis E. Nels. Erythea 7: eg 
Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb. Mem. N.Y. B UP oss ee 376. 1900. 
Valeriana psilodes Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. ay 65: 37. 1918 
Valeriana dioica subsp. sylvatica F. G. Mey. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard 38: 417. 1951. 
Stems more or less leafy from slender rhizomes 0 tall, ip ores ca - se a 
asal leaves petiolate, undivided, aris , Ovate- ania or Sieh ni ely suborbicular, 3-27 c 
long, essentially entire, the blades SOc m. long, 0.5-3.0 cm. wide, s voy os en acute, oe 
obtuse; cauline s 3-4 pairs, es lowermost short-natisinie pinnate to pinnatifid, rarely un- 
divided, the uppermost sessile and h re above, oblong, ovate, to ovate-oblong, 2.5-11 
cm. long, glabrous, the terminal | ear- to ovate-oblong, acute rt-acu te, 1-5 
long, 0.2- , the lateral lobes 1-7 pairs, grading smaller; inflorescences thyrsiform 
ib hes owers; coro a rotat to subrotate, 2-3 . long, white, the tube —- 
Mea pois ea t wooded hillsides in rocky duff-covered clay soil, or on talus slopes, Arid Transition 
Zone; pie Sty "northwesterly across Canada to the Rocky Mountains — southward to central Idaho 
and eastern Washington. Type locality: ‘‘on the Clear-water River.” May— Spa 
7. Valeriana édulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray. Tobacco Root. Fig. 5059, 
Patrinia ceratophylla Hook. F\. Bor. Amer. 1: 290. 1834. 
Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 48. 1841. 
Valeriana perce | A. Ne . Bull. Torrey Club 28; 232. 1901. 
V ach 
ydb. . cit. 31: 645. 1904. 
Valeriana ceratophy: ma tt pie western sae not H.B.K. 
Stems robust, 1-12 dm. tall, usually Taos, with the leaves mostly basal, from vertical, 
often forkes taproots, 0.5-3. fem . thick. Basal leaves linear or oblong- to obovate-spatulate, 
