30 RUBIACEAE 
7. Galium tricornitum Dandy. Rough-fruited Corn Bedstraw. Fig. 4997. 
pomeotien een Stakes i in With. Bot. Arr, Brit. Pl. ed. 2.1: 153. 1787. (Illegitimate name.) 
Dandy, Watsonia 4: 47. 1957. 
Annual, Sa = fe decumbent or ascending, 15-45 cm. — simple or wig aa 
netepeseaite n the ores stg ade Eger us. snail whorls o near to 
narrowly eee eis 25 mm. long, wide, mucronate, p visti ly and rattle barbed 
on the margins and on the seiiteth « ny eat axilla ry . flowered, the i i uncles stout, about 
as long as or shorter tha n ve jeaves : ig erar) . stout, pr curved ‘dow ward in fr uit : corolla 
yan aa s and grain fields; sparingly introduced i in the Willamette Valley and in Josephine County, western 
Oregon, an sekteni California in the region of San Francisco Bay and a: Sierra Nevada foothills and in San Luis 
Obispo County; also eastern United States. Native of Europe. J nr een 
8. Galium cymésum ie Pacific Bedstraw. Fig. 4998. 
Galium cymosum Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 401. 18 
Perennial, . stems freely branching, seas ef weak, 3-7 dm. long, more or less minutely 
sesthiecunt on the ngles Apna ves mostly in whorls of 6, oblanceolate to linear- oblanceolate, air 
at apex, nat 0. - long, 1-nerved, minutely scabrous on the margins and midve bes 
lower stem-leaves i ane sometimes reflexed; flowers in small c t the pa ‘of t 
numerous upper branches; pedicels zather short, straight, and divaricate in fruit; corolla as or 
ol with rose, 2-4 mm. wide, obed, the lobes po Ai ovate; fruit glabrous, each carpel 
globose, about 1.5 mm. in diamet 
meadows and sphagnum oe Humid Transition Zone; io Meera south on the ern side 
| sds: the Cascais Makatuns. Humboldt County, California. Type locality: ma, Pierce Ghunty, Meacham, 
un 
ne saepibhe species, perhaps a with ey at least Leteat sy resembling the eastern G. trifidum tincto- 
rium (L.) Torr. & ony, Fl. Lg er. 2: 22. 1841 (G. tin om. L- Sp.. Pl. 106. 1753; G. claytonts Michx. 
FI. Bor. Amer. AG 78. 1803; Ra nl subsp. ry a 2 city "Rhoden "it: re 1939). Some specimens are 
—— - like ecological Ceauke with few-flowered cymes and smaller flowers which are scarcely distinguishable 
rom that species 
- Galium trifidum var. subbiflérum Wiegand. Trifid Bedstraw. Fig. 4999. 
G trifid r. subbiflorum Wiegand, 3 Torrey _ 24: 399. 1897 
Galium phones Wee var. submontanum Wight, Zoe 5: 53. 
Galium claytomii var. subbiflorum Wiegand, Rh se 12: 22. ‘1911, 
Galium tinctorium var. subbiflorum Fernald, op. cit. 39: 320. 1937. 
Perennial with slender rootstock and Se weak, erect or oe stems 1. - dm , ee 
sharply 4-angled, glabrous or ewe t scabrous on the angles. Lea in whorls of 5-6, so 
times 4, the . wer ss often exed, somewhat une linear- dhlancealate, pi ietest 7-12 m 
long, 0. scmserhat flaccid, usually so ee me = abrous on ri se and margin; 
flowers pesleeiiate e, 2 Gee gia iat n the axils Me ets r leaves or on reading, 
axillary branchlets in bracteate cymes o of 3 or 2, the sadivele gi ic ses about apart the leaves 
or a little liateer, eee deflex tae ate at least in fruit; corolla minute, about 0.5 mm. long, 
the lobes 3 (sometimes 4), obtuse; fruit glabrous, globose, each c carpel about 1 mm. wi % 
Moist ground or marshy meadows, Upper Sono and Transition Zones; British Columbia to southern Cali- 
io pase _ to the Rocky Mountains and across the Sorthern: United States and Canada. Type locality: Colo- 
bauac baartice taxon, a small plant with spreading slender branches, linear leaves in whorls of 4, and 
capillary, readely spreading pedicels, inhabits northeastern North America Canada, and irom Some specimens 
anogan County, Washingtha, resemble the species and may on further study of m aterial prove to be 
typical. The complex is highly varianle | an d the varieties in the 2 aig States are ee ieroke. ar wg many inter- 
grading nted out by many authors 
Galium trifidum var. ae sea Bull. BS ihe A eo 24: 400. 1897. (Galium tinctorium var. diversi- 
= Wight, Zoe 5:54. 1900; G. columbianum R ydb. ocky Mts. 808. 1917; G. trifidum, subsp. colum- 
bianum Hultén, Fl. Aleut. is "307. 1937.) Werencias ms sin rootstocks, the stems slender, diffuse and 
reclining, 2-6 dm. long, with creeping axillary branches sometimes a arising from the lower —— slabrous ig 
for the minutely retrorse-hispid ang en leaves oblong ogee to ag pete oblance Sap ong e, commonly 
whorls of 4-5, more or less ——— the marg and midrib, 10-25 mm. long, m. "wide: pedun bias 
capillary, mostly 1-flowered o ace s 2-flower red “when iebusiast, divaricately spreading often slightly an 
scabrous, longer than, Saualing, pe shorter than the leaves; corolla minute, about 0.5 mm. broad, 3—4-parted; 
fruit ene. glabrous. 
Moist ground o: n edg es of marshy meadows and streams, especially near the woods or Sh Transition and 
anadian faba ‘Aleee and tebopacte gid Island south on the Pacific Slope and Cascade Mountains of Washin — 
and Oreaee to the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains, California. PDS oy locality: Sal ormad Co. Cal. 
er ( 1an2) Bottom ing of the rigs eg ics a jemnl ba 1661 (1893).” June—-N 
ome © bogs along the coast of he fcogvi d Oreg s occasionally have been callanted that suggest 
— tinctorium var. “abvador m Wiegand (Bull, ores | Club sy 398. 1897; G. la wide tei b a ago nd, 
hodora 6: 21. 1904). The lanai are ie dm. tall, ee leaves in whorls of 4, sometimes 5 below, and 
ja ase small, obtuse, and rather firm in texture; flowering material no pan 
Galium trifidum var. pusillum A. panty Man. ed. 5. 209. 1867. Perennial with slender weak-branched 
stems fo: neva mats, glabrous or nearly , 5-12 cm. long; leaves in whorls of 4, glabrous, narrowly aesucecuite. 
unequal in length, 3-8 mm. long; pedicels solitary or sometimes in 5 vain straight or somewhat curved, usually 
glabrous, rather slender, 2-5 mm. loam. fom as in ~ ptbst age 
et mountain meadows, Canadia d Hudsonian Zon Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon 
to the Sierra Sewada and San Bernardida & < Bacheray ‘Calitorsia, eastward to the Atlantic seaboard in mountainous 
areas. Type lity: not aes in oe original reference but said to be “in d sphagnous swamps, northward.” 
m trifidum v 
Ue 
e 2 t 
1876). However, a specimen fe the Gray Herbarium bearing the Synoptical Flora label, collected by ‘Lemmon 
(no. 1217) at Webber Lake, Sierra founty,: California, and Hie ved with the description given above, was identi- 
fied by Gray as G. trifidum var. pusillum 
