26 RUBIACEAE 
ently phere 8 leaves (foliaceous stipules). Flowers perfect or sometimes dioecious, 
small, , green, yellow, , mostly in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles, 
the fetes usually jointed with the calyx. Calyx-tube ovoid or globose, the limb mi- 
nutely toothed or wanting. Corolla rotate or slightiy campanulate, 4-lobed or rarely 3-lobed, 
the lobes involute and inflexed in the bud, often acuminate or mucronate at ap tamens 
carpels maturing. Seed convex on the back and concave on the face, or spherical and 
hollow ; endosperm horny; embryo curved; cotyledons foliaceous. [Name Greek, milk; 
one of Bait G. verum, once used to curdle milk. 
About es of wide geographic distribution and especially well represented in the Pacific States. 
Type pone hey yA ah E: 
Plants annual. 
Car as = nN ag much longer than broad, curved outward on the inner face; Kier ee inconspicuous 
mu 
Carpels o tee it about as b s long, rounded or nearly straight on the inner face; plants various. 
Fruit with coarse or ai a hooked bristles. 
Lea n whorls of 4 or the upper stem-leaves opposit 
“Fruit ey in leaf-axils on a slender alee pedicel; uppermost stem-leaves opposite, the 
lower in whorls of 3—4 of unequal length. 2. G. bifolium. 
Fruit saaeite between leafy bracts on axillary branchlets; leaves in — of 4. 
. G. proliferum. 
Leaves i in Agia. te 6-8. 
F 1 mm. or less broad; plants slender, usually diffusely branched. 
4. G. paristense. 
Fruit 2-5 mm. broad; plants coarse, with long, usually unbranched, reclining stems. 
6. G. aparine. 
wihecich on or appesculate. 
inflorescence much surpassing the leav 5. G. divaricatum. 
Pedicels stent, aac inflorescence axillary, not or askin Fi longer than the leaves. 
7. G. tricornutum, 
Plants perennial. 
Stems from slender creeping rootstocks, weak, delicate, seldom entirely erect, completely herbaceous. 
Fruit aap roves 3—4-parte 
Flowers 2.5-3.5 mm. hicad: rather numerous tak bron Scag on the upper pion mig peduncles 
ere EER but pedicels straight and div ate in fru Pa. 
Flowers less than 2.5 mm. iced: 1-3 in upper leaf- jon or on ate outs cpodicale strongly 
arcuate in age (1-flowered and with pedicels usually straight in vars. pusillum and pac “a pall 
9. trifdum subbiflorum 
Fruit hispid or at least yet corolla 4- parted. 
Leaves in whorls of (5—) 6-8, veins 
Cymes a vio dy Hot axillary peduncles ; carpels covered with sie ye piaa eon belaties about as 
widt 
Cymes scala j in a diffuse panicle; carpels with short hooked bristle » scabrous, 
. G. asperrimum, 
Leaves in whorls of 4, fee: apn 3-nerved. rg G. oreganum. 
Stems ——— at woody at least below, erect from woody root-crown or ae aceerent gps oe climbing, or 
tufted. from branched oom round st as s and rootstocks; if herbaceous, plants from coarser rootstocks 
and 
Leaves in whorls of 6-8; introduced speci 
Flowers bright yellow; leaves narrowly linear. 13. Gee 
Flowers white; 1 14S GG, poi Seats 
peas hoe ~~ # 4; ——— frcsggvad , ort apes: dioecious 
, thy reokd panicle of white flowers. 
15. G. boreale. 
Inflorescence various; if paniculate, not of soul white flow 
Fruit gl 
brous or sparsely puberulent or pubesc when waeare dry or pulpy and berry-like. 
Fruit dry, with short, curved or straight “i or subglabrous. 
Shrubby, 6-12 dm. high; inflorescence leaf . G. catalinense. 
y. 
Stems tufted, 1-2 dm. high; inflorescence much exceeding a cleaves, sub ome ge meet 
jepson 
Fruit pulpy and berry-like when ripe, glabrous (pubescent to glabrate in e. pubens and 
sometimes in G. californicum), 
Plants ak: slender rootstocks with slender creeping stems, diffuse or densely low- 
Leaves linear or narro crag usually much longer than the internodes and 
often concealing 4g tems 
Leaves rigid, narrowly Nee subulate, acicular. 18, G. andrewsit, 
Leaves firm but not rigid, 1-1.5 mm. wide, abruptly acute and cuspidate. 
Longest —— 9-12 mm. long; ares of northwestern a and 
adjacent Oregon. 19. G. ambig 
Longest a 4.5-6 mm. long; plants of a . oo Lucia alanine: 
clem: 
one —— to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic or Seite shorter sew the inter- 
s (nearly equaling them in G. murtcatum). 
Sos dull, copiously covered on both surfaces with spreading, ie 
hairs, ovate or ovate-lanceolate ie: or es shining and only 
on the margin in var. miguelense). . G. californ aiken 
