24 RUBIACEAE 
exserted ; stigma hat Fruit dry, obpyramidal, 1-2-seeded. Endosperm cartilaginous ; 
cotyledons linear-oblong. [Name Greek, meaning head-flower. 
About 7 species, natives . donereoan, Asia, and Africa. Type species, Cephalanthus occidentalis L. 
1. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Button-bush. Fig. 4987. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. 
Shrub or small tree 1-8 m. high with opposite or verticillate leaves and branches, glabrous or 
somewhat pubescent. Leaves ee ovate or oval, acuminate or acute at apex, truncate, rounded 
fe) cm. long 
r narrowed at base, entire, 5-12 cm. long; petioles 8-10 mm. Fas peduncles 3-7 : 
heads siobaek 2-3 cm. broad, the receptacle pubescent; calyx enish, sessile; corolla white, 
8-12 mm. long, the lobes obtuse, peg ancl W ith black; style ith giinor about twice the length 
of the corolla; a persisting on the fruit, the fruit obpyramidal, about 4 mm. high; seed flat- 
tened, eee 
Most soils ams and swamps, Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; Lake and Napa Count 
in the California yore 7 phety and Sacraments River “peenely Shasta Counts, cant eonen the Great Vatics 
and the Sierra Nevada foothills to Kern County, California; east to Arizona, oe and Flo re also north- 
east gence n Ontario an ew Brunswick. Type locality: eastern North , but no definite locality 
given. June— 4 
2. SHERARDIA [Dill.] L. Sp. Pl. 102. 1753. 
Slender, procumbent or diffuse, annual herbs with verticillate, spine-tipped leaves and 
small, nearly sessile, pink or blue flowers in termi an ary, involucrate heads 
Calyx-tube obovoid; lobes , lanceolate, persistent. Corolla funnelform, 4-5-lobed, the 
tube as long as bes or long or inse on the corolla-tube; fila 
the lobes ee n : 
ments slender ; ones small, oblong, exserted. Ovary 2-celled; style 2-cleft; ovules 1 
in each cell. Fruit didymous, with indehiscent carpels. Seed erect. [Named in honor of 
Dr. William dhevkat patron - Dillenius. | 
A monotypic genus of the Old Worl 
1. Sherardia arvénsis L. Blue Field Madder. Fig. 4988. 
Sherardia arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 102. 1753. 
Tufted — eh = patie Lees decumbent or ascending stems 6-20 cm. long, herb- 
age hispidulous. Leav the lower often obovate and mucronate, the pedi 
ee or lanceolate ae ad goes puted, sine ete on the margins, 6-10 mm. long, 2- 
; flow n few-flowered, slender-peduncled, involucrate eads” Hnvelocre deeply 6-8-lobed, 
ang oles erie ea -poi ointed ; corolla pink or bluish, 4-5 mm. long, the lobes spreading ; 
fruit crowned with 4-6 lanceolate calyx- teet 
Lawns, gardens, and pasture land; native of ee and naturalized in the Pacific States mostly west of 
ba rs Mountains and the Sierra Nevada; Washington to southern California. Type locality: Europe. 
pri 
3. KELLOGGIA Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 17: 332. p. 6. 1874. 
Perennial herbs with att entire, stipulate leaves and small flowers in a loose fork- 
ing cyme terminating the simple or sparsely branched stems. Calyx-tube obovoid, somewhat 
flattened laterally, covere a with hee stiff bristles; teeth 4, very small, subulate-persistent. 
Corolla funnelform, with 4 (rarely * narrow ovate obes, valvate in th bud. Stamens 4, 
n 
; stigmas 
filiform, papillose. Fruit small, oblong, dry and coriaceous, covered with hooked sheets 
splitting at maturity into 2 closed carpels, to the walls of which the solitary seed adheres 
{ Named in honor of Dr. Albert Relogs: an early California botanist. ] 
A monotypic genus of western North Amer 
1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. Kelloggia. Fig. 4989. 
Kelloggia galioides Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 17: 332. pl. 6. 1874. 
Plants with woody rootstocks, glabrous or nearly so, the stems several, simple or branched, 
.5 dm. high. = ong, about equaling or shorter than the internodes, 
darkened in dried ee apelegd © afinreccens a loose, div ke wi ao ee re — 
sues cre eA 1.5-3 cm. long; 5s dull sink ‘or laven ong, the 
the length of the tube, acuminate ; fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long, preset eed with ee ae 
stles. 
brist 
Dry ridges, Canadian Zone; in the Cascade Mountains of Washington south through Oregon to the Siskiyou 
Mourtains, California, — the Sierra Nevada south to goes Met California; ahnaite. to Idaho aay La aaa 
and south through Nevada to northern Arizona. Type locality: the ‘“‘Walla- Walla River.” May-—Jul 
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4. ASPERULA L. Sp. Pl. 103. 1753. 
Perennial herbs with erect or ascending, 4-angled stems and small white, pink, or blue 
flowers in terminal or axillary, usually cymose aes alyx somewhat didymous, the 
limb obsolete. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cell; style 2-cleft. Fruit globose-didymous, 
