PREFACE 
On completion of this final volume of the [/lustrated Flora of the Pacific States, 
there are many to whom I wish to express my sincere thanks. I am grateful to those 
who have contributed the text of genera and of families. Their willingness to pre- 
pare this material has shortened by years the time necessary to complete this volume 
for publication. My thanks are also given to the many others who have helped me 
with advice, material, and encouragement. 
I wish especially to thank Sidney Fay Blake, though his name does not appear 
as author of any one group of the Compositae. Dr. Blake had originally planned to 
contribute the text of the Compositae but due to the pressure of other tasks was unable 
to do so. He generously made available to Dr. Abrams and later to me all the ex- 
tensive notes and unfinished manuscript that he had assembled toward completion 
of that project. This material has been most helpful not only to me but to other 
contributors and much material included is based on his research. I wish to thank 
the following botanists for their contributions: Richard William Holm for the fam- 
ily Valerianaceae; Charles Bixler Heiser, Jr., for the genus Helianthus; David 
Daniels Keck for the genus Eastwoodia, the subtribe Madiinae, and the yellow-rayed 
genera of the tribe Astereae; Arthur John Cronquist for the genus Erigeron and the 
tribe Senecioneae ; Malcolm Anthony Nobs for the genus Achillaea; George Henry 
Ward for the genus Artemisia; Carl William Sharsmith for the genus Antennaria ; 
John Thomas Howell for the tribes Cynareae and Arctotideae ; Kenton Lee Cham- 
bers for the genera Nothocalais and Microseris; and Quentin Jones for the genus 
Agoseris. Finally, I wish to express respect for and appreciation of LeRoy Abrams, 
to whom I owe my botanical training and who, long before his death in 1956, asked 
me to take the responsibility of preparing for publication this final volume of the 
Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. 
The illustrations in the book are for the most part the work of Jeanne Russell 
Janish, though many of the drawings of the Compositae are made by Doris Holmes 
Blake. The drawings of Helianthus and Agoseris are made by other illustrators 
under the direction of the respective authors of the text of those genera. Elisabeth 
F. Allen has ably assisted in reading proof. Barbara W. Law deserves especial credit 
for the arduous task of assembling the comprehensive index for all four volumes, in 
addition to the necessary editorial work of checking references. 
Following the format of the preceding volumes, the description following each 
species heading, except in rare cases, refers to the name-bearing subspecies or variety 
where such segregations exist in literature. Deviations from this form are indi- 
cated in the text. The illustrations are reduced ,to one-half natural size except, of 
course, for the structural details. Any exception to this reduction is marked on the 
illustration to which it applies. Keys to the families of all four volumes are given 
in the Appendix, followed by a complete index of all scientific and common names 
that appear in the flora. 
Roxana S. FErrIs 
Stanford University 
November 1959 
