106 COMPOSITAE 
15-50 cm. long, acute or acuminate, cuneate to rounded at base, entire or serrate, feather-veined, 
rather firm; stem-leaves several, gradually reduced above, elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate to ovate, 
the lower Pattee ted the upper r sessile and clasping ; heads 1-8, terminal ie axillary, peduncled, 
4-10 cm. wide; involucre h .8-4 cm. high, subequal or somewhat graduate, the phyl- 
laries numerous or rather few pace ee to oblong or occasionally obovate, acuminate to obtuse 
mainly herbaceous, glabrous, not ciliate; rays ii bright yellow, 2-5 cm. long; receptacular 
aga ts Lede naa glabro s, 7-10 m m. lon ee a Bence crown of squamellae 2 mm. 
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Wet or dry i ag places, occasionally in woods, Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia, eastern Washington, 
and ine a png egon to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada. Type locality: about Fl athead River, 
Montana. y—July. Smooth Dwarf en 
Wyethia S eet Piper, Proc . Soc Wash 27: 98. 1914. Intermediate between W. amplexicaulis and 
W. heltanthoides, with both of ae i grows, and ‘evidently a hybrid between the two species. Type locality: 
lue Siecctgms, "Union Co ounty, Orego 
2. BALSAMORHIZA Hook. ex Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 349. 1840. 
Perennial herbs, scapose, subscapose, or sparingly leafy-stemmed, from a thick, ver- 
tical, fusiform or subcylindric, terebrinthine root and simple or branched caudex. Leaves 
tufted and basal, the reduced stem-leaves aticcihe or subopposite and those of the 
isk-flow 
short tube and cylindric or cylindric-campanulate throat, 5- toothed. Style- branches slen- 
der, hispid or hispidulous sg slender, subulate, terminal appendages. Anthers 5; aa 
or shortly sagittate. Achen s oblong, epappose, glabrose or pubescent, the ray-achene 
sag “% tri peor. fee of the disk quadrangular, usually with ei 
nerves. [Name from the Greek, referring to the resinous roots. 
A genus of abou 2 natives of southwestern Canada and northwestern United States. Type species, 
Heliopsis a to So hina 
tax ad Balsamorhiza ‘hybridize freely (Ownbey & Weber, Amer. Journ. Bot. 30: 179-187. 1943) and 
certain of the med entities have been proven to be pe hybrid origin: Balsamorhiza icshintwackn (Hook.) 
Nutt, Trans. ‘Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 349. 1840 re maga ‘4 Lig stax pen gee Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 310. 1833), 
derived from = a and B. hookeri or B. sa 1, and Halsasmochine vi bénseri St. John, 
Fl. S. E. Was 1937, derived from B. Soloties pe y 
Plants with woody root and multicipital caudex; basal leaf-blades broadly deltoid or sagittate, entire or coarsely 
crenate or toothed, the Stem: leaves borne near (pe inflorescence. 
Plants densely toment t least when young. 1. B. sagittata. 
Plants not canescent-tomentose or ae 
Achenes glabrous; rays deciduous. eltoidea. 
B.d 
‘Mian pubescent (except in var. intermedia) ; rays mostly persistent and becoming pa Panes 
3. yana. 
Plants ah a thickened woody taproot (up to 3 cm. in diameter) and a typically simple tee Sector: basal ont 
Ag cet or oblong in outline, poconapd ce Pai on aa divided (except sometimes in B. serra 
id we rosea), the stem-leaves if present borne e base. 
Leaves pinnately or bipinnately divided. not no teeably pecsuns OE SEY and subcoriaceous. 
Outer phyllaries 2. ~ 3.5 cm. long, much surpassing the inner phyllaries and the disk, often toothed or 
incised distall crolepis. 
Outer ea hag 1-1. -5(2) cm. long, about the length of the inner piv thackes cae equaling or shorter 
entire. 
Phyllaries linear- So or lanceolat . B. hooker 
e, broadly efacibinks or abruptly attenuate Eat a caudate - 
‘Raeves gieeniihi: eclaidey bipinnately divided or bipinnatifid with aed gay eather divisions. 
we . or silvery, not at all hirsute, pinnatifid, the divisions entire or shallowly incised. 
s 3-6 cm. long; pubescer:v< densely lanate with long, soft, tangled hai 
7. Bit meana. 
Rays 2-3.5 cm. long; p > ?P d ly Pr d short-sericeous. - 
5. B. macrolepis platylepis. 
Leaves crenate or sharply serrate, if at all incised not parted to the midrib, reticulate-veined and subcoriaceous. 
es sharply serrate; rays yellow, the width of ray about one-half the length 
B. serrata. 
Leaves crenate; rays becoming roseate, the width of ray about four-fifths o length. 
rosea. 
1. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrow-leaved Balsamroot. Fig. 5142. 
Buphthalmum sagittatum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 564. pat 
Espeletia helianthoides Nutt. Sanne: Acad. Phila. 7: 39. 
ceconepttes # es Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 7: ue "1840. 
Per 2-6.5 dm. high from a deep-seated, woody taproot and amit me caudex clothed 
with bcc ENE the sparsely ihe Whit lomentec stems bearing 1-3 heads. Basal leaves 
2-5 dm. ree up to 1.5 dm. wide, the petioles exceeding to nearly equaling * thie blades, these —— 
sagittate or -hastate at rath triangular or triangula titel entire, densely white-canescent o 
