154 COMPOSITAE 
the burs yellowish green or brownish white, oblong, about 10-14 mm. long, 6-9 mm. thick (includ- 
ing prickles), usually somewhat compressed, ribbed, Dyrweed pilosulose geo neg ve ah or 
at apex bearing a single slender straight beak 2 m s or 
ual beaks, the body hig red densely armed with eo re whiner begs ‘(often ‘Mackisle Sased}, 
ong. 
eq 
sar Jaleo 2-3 m 
plac ually pasture lands and around habitations. A cosmopolitan weed rather common on the 
Pacific Slop . aa pte throughout the United States; a native of South America but originally described from 
Portugal. June-Nov. Spanish Thistle. 
ubtribe MADIINAE* 
Ray-achenes obcompressed, each hidden within the obcompressed phyllary, the abruptly infolded lateral margins 
of which more or less overlap. 
Disk-flowers 6 or more. 
Achenes spate te and ch ansaid pappus ablong, obtuse. 26. Achyrachaena. 
chenes Ss not costate or s pappus when t 
isk- nino serie, a. heads choalig during midday. 
Pappus n annuals, 27. Lagophylla. 
Pap sab perennials. 28. H Sunt 
Disk- eit frie. ie open continuously. 29. Layi 
. Madia. 
Ray- Paphipe not shecmn essed or each hidden by the sp lateral margins of the Padi pliyttiry. 
Style of disk-flowers glabrous below the subulate branches. 
bias -achenes not ere ge ribbed; ray-achenes amit labrous and epap 
Ra dig sro oothed or -lobed, the lobes subparallel; sr without i ached glands; leaves not 
ag esi Pi — — 
Baccuieons usually laterally compressed and finely longitudinally striated, — en en- 
folded by the og sulcate subtending phyllary; basal leaves subentire 
Ray-achenes broader, not laterally compressed or striated, each only partially pees by the 
subtending aeriesy: basal leaves pinnatifid or toothed, rar ears uben 
ev ‘Hew 
Upper leaves’ a phyllaries aimee bye cen pit glands; ligules yellow;seach disk- flower 
subte’ pappus 32. Holocarpha 
nded by a bract 
Ray-ligules 3-cleft or -parted into citadel ‘ecb lobes; tack-shaped re present Ftoridang 
C. tenella); th narrowly linear and grast-it ike. 33. Calycadenia. 
Disk-achenes prominently ribbed; ray E Ppappose; papp 
34, Blepharizonia, 
Style of disk-flowers hairy below the 2-cleft tip; pappus plumose. 35. Blepharipappus. 
26. ACHYRACHAENA Schauer, Del. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. 3. 1837. 
ernal mesophytic annuals. Leaves opposite and clasping below, alternate above, linear. 
pn solitary, long-peduncled, terminating the stem and few ascending branches, heter- 
ccondaie flowers. Ray s l-seriate; ligules yellow, turning crimson - 
ceptacular bracts in a single tween ray isk, free. Achenes 10-costate, tubercu- 
late-scabrous ; pappus of ., scales, spreading on ripe achenes to form . "ppg ead. 
[Na reek, meaning —_ — in reference to the chaffy pappu 
1. Achyrachaena mollis Schauer. Blow-wives. Fig. 5230. 
Achyrachaena mollis Schauer, Del. Sem. Hort. vehcisaee 3. 1837. 
Lepidostephanus le Bat Ind. Sem rt. Gotting. 1837, ex Linnaea 12: Litt. 82. 1838. 
Stem simple or few-branched, 1-4 pte . high, — — — Seca pi. moderately glandu- 
lar above. Leaves entire or remotely serrulate, o 13 cm. lon, . wide, mostly 
less ; heads in flow _ gt cm. cs ss fru he Ba nga >: aes 3 cm. across; phyllaries 
completely i investing the achen y- ? aid s about 8, the ligules senior sh 6 k-flowers 
_ 15-35; hence: clavate Backs about 5m m. long, those ry the ray e ib 
e of the di sk pappose and scabrous with yr a Rg 5 pus - 10 ‘abl ong Rinne scales, the 
5" eater half as long as and alternate with the inner, he es in “4 ice 
uent in moist grassy fields with heavy soils, Sonor: es hea tion gine cismontane valleys from 
Douglas Pemaet Oregon, south to northern aie California. ; rn locality: California. April-May. 
i 
» 
o 
8 
' 
= 
aid 
27. LAGOPHYLLA Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 390. 1841. 
Me esophytic or xerophytic annuals. Basal leaves serrate-dentate to subentire; cauline 
leaves entire, readily caducous. Involucre ee to hemispheric, the phyllaries com- 
pletely en nfolding the obcompressed r: ray-achenes and caducous with them. Flowers yellow, 
~ opening toward evening and a in the morning. Receptacle penicillate- 
t centrally, its bracts in a single row between ray and disk, slightly united. Ray- 
Risvets 5, fertile. Disk-flowers 6, sterile. Pappus none. [Name from two Greek words 
* Text contributed by David Daniels Keck. 
