314 COMPOSITAE 
2-4.5 cm. wide, mostly solitary at tips of peduncles, in an oblong false raceme or narrow panicle; 
involucre broa dly campanulate, pa 3-seriate, little graduate, the phyllaries arts linear-oblong, 
with short indurate base and a r acuminate, erect or spreading, herbaceous tip o outer 
wholly i densely g aera ten deep sets tinged; rays about 10-18, ite « or gale 
about .1 cm. long; achenes Be rt-pilos 
a sede granite slopes se oo. of meadows, Canadian and Hudsonian Zones; ains of 
sion pry htm ononcgeeg —-! of begginbs ig south to Tulare County in the Sierra Pinte ‘Calitardin: 
eastward to Montana and Colorado. Type locality: the vicinity of Thornberg’s Pass, Blaine County, Idaho. 
July—Sept 
3. Aster modéstus Lindl. Great Northern Aster. Fig. 5528. 
Aster unalaschkensis B? major Hook. Bor. Amer. 2: 7. 1834. 
Aster modestus Lindl. in Hook. op. cit 
Aster sayianus Nutt. Trans. ange a Soc. II. 7: 294. 1840. 
Aster mutatus Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 142. 18 
Aster majus Porter, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 325. 1894. 
Stems usually solitary from a slender stoloniferous rootstock, ri very leafy, 0.3-1 m. 
high, simple below the inflorescence, densely stipitate-glandular above or thro ughout, and usually 
sparsely or heats villous, sometimes glabrous below. Leaves nearly anitncas linear-lanceolate to 
oO 2: cm. lon 3 cm. wi sile or laspi 
sm above, g 
heads L cs ey cymosely a ged, 2-3 cm. wide; involucre hemispheric c, 2-3-seriate, subequal, 
ut 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ‘ances or linear- lanceolate, acuminate, spreadin g tipped, ne gd 
stipitate-glandnlar, often purplish, the outer herbaceous throu ghout, the inner po ae gin 
ow ; rays about 20-30, purple or violet, about 1 cm. long ; achenes strongly about 5- ribbed. Ha NS 
pubescent. 
Poe a woods and stream banks, Arid Transition and Canadian Zones; Alaska to southwestern Oregon east 
Minnesota, se estern Ontario. Type locality: “Mount tain "woods, at the mouth of the Smoking 
platy ens 36°. ” July—Sep 
4, one radulinus A. Gray. Rough-leaved Aster. Fig. 5529. 
Aster Pree al Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 388. 1872, 
Aster yt Porter pose eae Cha 172 37: ol te 1890. 
Aster . iasit iA. Nels. Univ. Wyo. Publ. Sci. 1: 924. 
Stems solitary or several sae a sae - icisidboes rootstock, 15-60 cm. high, usually simple 
below the inflorescence, ascending or erect, from rather densely 'spreading-hirsute to inc curved- 
otal or strigillose, sometimes cn below, not glandular ; leaves reduced to entire bracts 
e, the lowest obovate to oval, obtuse to acute, narrowed to short, ciliate, margined petioles, the 
i 4- 
sonnei and middle ones obovate to oval or tances oblon ng, 4-12.5 cm. long, 1-7 cm. wide, acute, sessile, 
not clasping, sharply serrate or d ntate except on the cuneate base, firm, scab ous-pube t be- 
eath, scabrous or smooth above ; heads 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, several to numerous in a flat or rounded 
cyme or cymose bag a the peduncles densely hirsutulous or hirsute- pilose ; Gestine cre 5—7-seriate, 
gronely graduate, 6-9 mm. high, the phyllaries chia to (inner) linear, usually acute, hirsutulous 
base an 
n back, ae with pale indurate short Pi sahie'y = very rarely spreading, her- 
fakes ‘tip, at least the inner often purple-t s 10-15, pale violet to white, 
—11 mm. , th ok ia ed forms ecking farsle’ a in ‘he phyllaries; achenes sparsely 
hirsutulous ; pappus 
ie ie slopes in galery and mountains, mostly Transition Zone, Vancouver Island and central Was! 
ington ‘eos wbrtg ~ (west of the Cascade Mountains and Ochoco Mountains on the eastern bea ” San ha’ 
Obispo Co eanky and to Mariposa Couey in the Sierra Nevada, California; also from Santa Cruz Island, Santa 
Barbara Conuier, Type jcalty: Beck July—Oc 
The form described as Aster aioxii lt to some degree robust forms of A. sibiricus var. meritus in 
habit but the 1 ranges and tats of the two do not overlap. 
5. Aster sibiricus var. méritus (A. Nels.) Raup. Arctic Aster. Fig. 5530. 
Aster sibiricus A. Gray, Syn, FI. N. eon§ 12: 176. 1884, Not A. sibiricus L. 1753 
Nels. Ga 1904. 
Aster bakerensis St. John, in St. J oa yi gi ig Mazama 11: 93. 1929. 
Aster richardsoniti var. meritus Raup, Contr. Arnold Arb, 6: 204. 1934. 
Aster sibiricus var. meritus Raup. Sargentia 6: 240. 
Stems 1 or several, often tufted, ascending or spreading to suberect, from slender stoloniferous 
rootstocks, 3-30 cm. high, apie or little branched, usually purple, pilosulose with usually loosely 
ascending hairs. 5 ph sya adually or abruptly reduced above, obovate to elli ptic or the upper 
m. wid r 
herbaceous throughout), at least the inner with conspicuous purple tip margins; rays about 
— — to violet, 7-12 mm. long; achenes sparsely Fansite ppaitanrn. about 8-ribbed; 
deeper brown than in rer radulinus, usually purplish-tinged. 
