344 COMPOSITAE 
Caudex divided into several or many long, slender, rhizome- re branches; leaves mostly merely 
+ Sa se lobes short, iced, rounded, and obtuse; Sierra Nevada, Wallowa Moun- 
tai and eastward (absent from the Cascade Mounta ay, 
. vagus 
Caudex stout, occasionally branching, but the branches mostly relatively cigte 2 age “aieialty short, 
not slender ane peat (caudex pico alvit that of E. vagus in so lants from the 
ascade Mou of Washington) ; leaves bd or more often two to four times eee 
stly with walatively slender lobed or idespre 18. E. compositus 
Leaves all entire or heat os so, not at all trilobed. 
Involucre woolly eltisihe with sy pene a alpine and subalpine plants with solitary heads, 
always r: adi ate; Oregon and Washingto 
Rays yellow; Cascade Mountains of Wastinetac and northward. 
19, E. aureus. 
Rays si or pink to white, not yel 
Rays about 50-125, pink or ei aceenaaten Oregon and eastward. 
20. E. simplex. 
Rays about 25-50, white; northwestern Washington. 
E. flett 
senieree variously hairy or glandular = Lanna but not woolly-villous; ssa ae to disciform 
r discoid; habit and distribution 
ibnacanee of the —- widely seogneritog™ etimes scanty (or lecgely. ae ying in three species; 
of these, E. multiceps has the pubescence Hetuictey sprea under eagle . es 
perianus and E. engelmanniit have conspicuous, coarse, et Rog hairs on the ns 
or petioles of at iast the lower leaves). 
Alpine _ s ne plants with solitars: or rarely 2 meade. always radiate; California. 
with several more or less leaves 
wpe ie or glandular as well as hirsute; phyllaries pena equal; taproot poorly 
r scarcely developed. aes petiolaris. 
Stem os om or glandular; phyllaries more or less ao = well de- 
velop 23. E. clo ke yi 
Plants scapose or very nea 
Basal leaves loon toe or linear-oblanceolate, up to 2.5 wide, ~— 
tape 
ing to oe he ole; rays blue or purple; disk corollas - oe 5.3 mm 
1 E. py 
on gm 
Basal Lod Mates subrotund to broadly oblanceolate, rather abruptly contracted ud 
rter than the petiole, — etimes as much as 8 m 
eaoct ee Ms Pwidtcs disk-corollas 2.7—-3.4 me long; oth eae cant ei 
i a. 25, E. unctalis. 
Plants chiefly of the valleys, foothills, and moderate elevations in the dédntains, the 
Meth species E. aphanactis ascending to rather high Geevatieke in southern Cali- 
chenes peittt perenaas the hairs completely covering the surface of the 
achenes and sometimes obscuring the outer pappus; heads radiate, with 
Srak or purple to deep blue or Wisle rays, or rarely disciform, with the 
pistillate flowers rayless; pie or = southern British Columbia and 
ns. 
27. E. poliospermus. 
Achenes sparsely or paar hairy, the surface ex posed ed mane the hairs, the 
outer pappus if any not obscured by the hairs; rays vario 
Rays blue or purple to ok or white, or wanting, but not stews 
Heads recat radia 
‘appus simple or aay so; disk-corollas 5-6 mm. long; Santa Bar- 
hark and San Luis Obi ispo Counties, agate 
' . sanctarum. 
Pappus he Seni tee — disk-corollas cae 3-5 mm. Seay more 
Sie cpeoet ors ead except in E. multiceps 3-5 mm. long; 
ys and pappus various. 
Reshma of the st L li J aiges 
ys mo: ahite, turning pink 
or pinkis porn ess lively hear with 
short broad fas and heavy limb, he lower part 
tary; near nake River ce eastern Oregon, 
3 southeastern, Bal 5 ngton, and adja- 
t Idaho.  dispartpilus. 
Rays aero 0.7-1.5 mm. a ored or occa 
col 
ally white; aa calles relatively slender, with 
slender, comparatively and narrow 
limb, the lower part of So hich “a peo ngly in- 
durated; heads 1 or usually more; — read. 
29. fe “ii umilus 
tse pappusristes about 12-20; 5, dskecorollas ab _ 
sis 
Inner pappus-bristles capri diate corolag oa +2 3 mm. 
long; rays less wide; pubescence 
of the stem ae pore the heads; pubes- 
cence of the Paid wholly appressed; southern 
Sierra Neva 31. E. multiceps. 
Hieeninis gtisk-comatins 2-3 mm. long; rays about 75-150, 0.5 
mm. wide; inner gern s-brii as ig lee widespread. 
