SUNFLOWER FAMILY 431 
viesleaiee 8 b pcp from the first, or sometimes lightly Soceeee en when young 
— by Prati time except often for a little cae icaese tomentum 
the base and in the axils; species mostly of moist o ane habitats. 
acan EI. 
Basal leaves either pinnately dissected, deeply pinnatifid, lyrate- geenenns or tending to 
be shallowly a, —— os the latter case the lobes usually tending to bias 
again toothed a lade r less cordate; heads paca or — y. (For 
S. ionophyllus cli ds i pedline 4 ie e.) VII. Los 
Plants annual or winter-annua IX: poset 
Stems ota mt heduae petiolane; cordate, ivy-like; heads small, discoid; ee species of coastal 
Californ . MIKANIOIDEAE 
. SUFFRUTICOSI. 
Involucral bracts mostly about 21, — only 13; usually many of the leaves with some long lateral segments. 
Heads = sachin: small, the invo e 5-7 mm. high; leaves more dissected; bracteoles short and inconspicu- 
uch less than half * eae as the inv volucre; plants bearing dense tufts _ ersistent wool in the 
ps Bi : alee a the coast of southern repices . lyonii, 
Heads relatively large, the involucre wit t 7-11 “hi gh; leaves less dissected; list relatively 
and conspicuots some at them rally - jehut halt as long as the involucre; plants reat ford 
axillary wool; continental a qaactar r, from central California southward 
. S. douglasii. 
Involucral bracts mostly about 8 or about 13; bracteoles short and inconspicuous; leaves easils entire, sometimes 
a few 
of them with lateral segments 
Plants about 6-12 dm. tall, pond strongly woody, not dying back to the base each year; leaves very narrow, 
commonly about 1(2) m wide or less; Santa Barbara and San Luis a po Cou ee California. 
mania 
Plants mostly 2.5—8 dm, tall, often somewhat woody below but oon wy vip Nay to the base ale year; 
leaves a little wider, the Bia ones commonly 2 mm Sa ar Be deol 1 Zam, 
White Moantaini and e ard. . S. spar 
. TRIANGULARES, 
Plants ibis often freely branched; leaves about 4 cm. Jon 
Lea ostly obovate to spatulate or broadly chance, up to about 2 cm. wide; plants eventually tap- 
ed, 
although the branches of the caudex y become elongate and rhizome- sera She a a ag in 
the ains. 5.5, fre 
sequins Ss cHaneeelale to linear-oblong, 5 mm. wide or less; perennial from a system of aa pr rhizomes, 
ithout a taproot; mountains of Mono Camke: California. attersonensis. 
Plants taller, mols 2-15 dm. tall or more, the stems generally simple below the tailadeiaiecines leaf-blades mostly 
ng. 
nires or niet of the leaves irregularly pinnatilobate or incised; leaves neither Marto’ nor regularly 
serrate; Sierra Nevada. . clarkianus. 
Leaves src Hag dentate to serrate or occasionally subentire, never sinustilobate or incised; widespread 
specie 
Leaves, except sometimes for the reduced upper ones, petiolate, or tapering to a narrow petioliform 
At ead the lower te ves triangular with i) Itoid t beordate b . S. triangularis. 
Leaves all fy 6a to the b t 1 . S. serra 
Some or all of the pete "Ses leaves ‘sessile with ee more or less clasping base; northeast Bracesem and 
stwa oi , oe Crass 
III. CoLuMBIANI. 
Herbage loosely crisp-villous or arachnoid-villous with ev i enae Pepoeneeppizeed hairs, much of the pubescence 
sooner or later deciduous; widespread, mostly in well-drai 
Heads seoells eudinte (discoid in var. vaseyt of Washi — a northern Oregon), = a eed or 
e flow: widespread. 1 St 
Heads discoid or ae mes with 1 or 2 short rays and with about 15-20 flowers; California. 
12. S. aronicoides 
Biers pigeons? glabrous from the first, sometimes with a very little arachnoid tomentum in the Uidlaccenncs. 
seldom as many as a dozen, apparently always radiate; plants of dry to fr ggesince moist habi- 
ta tat : northeastern Oregon and eastward. 1 sulus. 
ae more numerous, seldom less than a dozen in well-developed plants, often very eke: radiate or 
often oo plants art of wet - pep and other wet places. 
"Robust, more or less glaucous plants 0 dm. tall; leaves generally entire, occasionally seremreerty 
oothed ; ge eso widespread, tolerant ee alk 14. S. hydrophilus 
Less sauie scarcely glaucous plants 3-10 dm. eit; Mekeved generally ot, cag ag rarely sihendive: 
plants intolerant of alkali. S. foetidus. 
Vv GENTES. 
Heads discoid; San Luis ae County to San Bernardino County, California. 15. S. astephanus. 
Heads radiate; more northern deine species. 
Heads about 3-30, aa medium-sized (involucre 3.5-12 mm. high), erect or in S. elmeri sometimes 
slightly nodding. 
— bracts not dark-tip epet rays cone wie mostly 1.5—2 cm. long; oa 9-12 mm. high; 
plants 3-7 dm. tall; Cah . S. layneae. 
Involucral re usually with satan to prom cniinent, black or brownish pies or the plants otherwise 
syne Vv 
Plants aS single-stemmed from a short shionsae: thinly tomentulose when young, later often 
or less glabrate. 
Leetatal bracts with minute, black or brownish tips; species not boreal, in our range not 
extending as far ee as Washington 
Leaves slightly denticulate or entire; plants mostly 3-8 dm. ath involucral bracts mostly 
about 21, acs nly oh achenes hispidulous or sometim Asia pipet Oregon, north- 
eastern Nevada, oak no; ard. —— ocephalus. 
stly salient] sieing pete a Base Boe A sacepl 
paeagen roe leas abcat 23, piss as man ; achenes glabrous; Sierra ‘Nevada sn 
White Mountains, Cali forn’ os 
3 etn bracts with very conspicu us black bier commonly about s rarely iy up to 21 i ee Beodes 
extending south in seo seme to the Olympic Mountains 
a dugens. 
