432 COMPOSITAE 
Plants with several stems from a well-developed branching caudex, subtomentosely rp eoiitgees 
il 
tchee Mountains of central W 
ashington no ges aca uthern 
ritish Columbia. 19. S. elm 
Heads solitary or 2, large shuablos gly 11-17 mm. high), nodding; Olympic Mositeion of Wasbiuetia: (The 
Californian, flame-flowered S. greenet might mistakenly be sought here except for the erect heads.) 
20. S. neowebsteri, 
V. TomeENTOSI. 
Heads several or rather many 
Leaves nearly all tufted et the base, the c ne ones few and abruptly very much reduced ms ap- 
pearing subs ; basal leaves Prone ack toothed ri occasionally gases mountains of: pce es 
alifornia. . S. bernardinus, 
Leaves not all tufted at the base, the cauline ones tho ugh evidently smaller than pe basal relatively better 
developed, and the stem not appearing aaiae capose; basal “ig ves entire to 
siteatele lobe. not teemarly toothed; more northern plan 
sometimes irregularly aad 
abana relatively thin or even obscure; robust plants, 2 2-7 dm. tall, _ relatively long and 
ender leaves; west of the Cas 
cade Mountains in Oregon and Washington. 
21. - macounit. 
Tomentum relatively dense though sometimes partly deciduous; smaller plants, mostly 1—3(4) dm 
Era oo various; plants occurring in and more especially east of the Cascade Mou mones and 
Sierra Nevada, extending farther 
west only in the Klamath region of f southern ¢ Oreg 
co solitary or sometimes 2-6. 
eads large, the involucr 
14 mm. high, the - ar ngd 1.5-3 cm. wide. 
z lowers pellon:; mountains ots southern Calif 
ed-o 
24. (3 yikes al 
; North Coa sh ef aagoaieoe 25 
Heads smaller, the sient ucre er ‘ mm. high, ‘hd disk 7-15 mm. 
Gencre don a branching caudex; plants about ee 3) dm. tall or i 2 Pit Se Nevada and east- 
ard. . S. werneriaefolius. 
Stems solitary from a short, simple or tenia caudex; heads notably long- ‘pedunctlate; cae about 
dm, tall; Josephine County, Oreg . S. hesper: 
Heads solitary or occasionally 2 or 3, ordina 
I 
rily radiate (but d 
pach the hockh of our area). 
ut 
oid forms of S. ate ws pee are net uncommon 
nd -Seaghoalggey and _ a n s 
“he 2 of the Tomentosi might be sought here 
are evidently tomentose at the top of the peduncle and base of the involucre 
Plants with 1 or more, r less sai Sena cauline leaves, scarcely scapose, ‘ea less than 1 dm. 
tall; rhizome short. 
a. very slender; widespread in wet alpine and subalpine meadows. 
. S. subnudus 
Roots oe meeet and ripe pt drier, more ro ig and exposed alpine habitats; boreal species, pi Fa south 
ange t ntral va shington eS 
Plants patie’ aie capose, 
resedifolius. 
ss than 1 dm. tall, the asia merely bearing 1 or - minute peace rhizome 
elongate,  Siesae pee Watiown Mountains of Ore’ 30. S. por 
Heads ordinarily several, sometimes only 1 or 2 in the mostly “discoid species, S. pauciflorus. 
Head 
character istically areca (rare radiate forms occur, chiefly in company with the normal discoid 
nts). 
Heads 1-6, rarely 12, orange or reddish; “ heelys thick and firm, crenate; alpine and sub- 
alpine plants; boreal species, extending south into the hi gh Sierra Nevada. 
31. S. paucifilor 
Heads more numerous, mostly 6-40, yellow; leaves relatively thin and lax, serrate to cine -pinnatifid; 
stream banks and moist woods; northern species, in our range rarely extending — of north- 
ern Washington. 32. S. indec 
Heads esgelvaitai geen 5 radiate (rare discoid forms of some of these species occur, chiefly in company with 
the normal radiate plants). 
Basal oe: or some of them, cordate or 
pinnatifid, at least toward the eir 
Basal leaves not cordate or Sere 
Heads relatively large, 
County, Califecnia. 
Heads —— the Iaith 
an 
serial, sharply toothed; cauline leaves a: ps eagon 
ses; leaves t 33. S. pseudaur 
, though sometimes .subrotund. 
involucre 9-12 mm. high, rays mostly ae ee i Eldorado 
lay 
—9 mm. high, the rays mostly 5-12 mm. long. 
vag slong relatively Soe up t 
o about 7 dm. gr mostly with rather numer- 
nto leaves all entire, or care ety some of the cauline leaves too —_ plants 
a on serpettica in Caiiinenia: 36. S. clevelan 
Plants pers or not at all glaucous, commonly but not always smaller and fewer- cle than 
A ie orig eee fome or all of ine 
most 
leaves generally toothed to pinnatifid; widespread plants 
y not abiting serpentin 
Lente prageohban thin and lax, a basal ones mostly elliptic or ee crenate or ser- 
o subentire ae Ae eo 
Leaves Felatively thi “ and fi he basal ones mostly silage to und, coarsely 
nate to shallowly bate. wavy, or subentire. 55°, rutin, 
VII. Los. 
Plants fibrous-rooted from a simple or branched poate or — rhizome; herbage glabrous or very 
Piaets robust, le: 
nearly 
afy-stemmed, commonly pias tall; leaves all pinnatifid, the lower lyrate; ~ag ‘elatively 
~~ pe ai the gf cebnin mostly 7— ns high and es ‘ ——— County, California o San 
ispo County and inland to cha Tehachapi Mount. 
ewer ae 
Plants goat, atone. 
1 
in one or more (us 
nts commonly ~ 0.5-2(4) 
naked; Olym 
ore) Aes from the alee more northern species. 
dm. tall; basal leaves mostly lyrate-pinnatifid; stem eae nearly 
c Mountains, and in the Cascade a A near hing 
8. S. flettii. 
Plants Pcaaeee: ian 1-6 dm. tall; basal leaves more often shallowly palmately lobulate, sometimes 
yrate. 
sechipcageo ns glabrou: es relatively thin and lax; Cascade region from southern Washington 
Ore regon and ges less commonly, in the Willamette — _— oe —— ~ seit 
si hack from the ocea 
ie usually provided mi few to numerous coarse, conspicuously porn oe as ie rarely 
labrous; leaves rela aueay thick and firm; along the coast from ~~ — of og Columbia 
iver to northern Californ 
Plants with a more or less well-devel ices which may be 
arneied by a “aaa rag ronal herbage 
generally thinly tomentulose, varying to sometimes essentially glabrous. 
