508 COMPOSITAE 
-ribbed. ee bristles in several series, free, a little unequal, strongly scabrous-setulose, 
deciduo s Limeiat “ name derived from the Greek word for bear, perhaps in reference to 
the eat involuc 
; A or of sis " species found chiefly in Eurasia; becoming naturalized elsewhere. Type species, Arctium 
appa L 
Heads mostly 2.5 cm. broad or less, gi Maange pint along the branches; inner phyllaries usually purplish- 
2. tng the a serrulate with very fine, ardly pointing, oan er teeth; pappus rhe jatios. short 
Heads most] cm. broad or more, subcorymbosely arranged at the ends of stems and bra nchlets; inner thy llecies 
bi is fea margins ciliolate with small reflexed or outwardly pointing Sich pappus-bristles to 
Sa r 6 mm. lon 2. A. lappa. 
1. Arctium minus a Bernh. Common Burdock. Fig. 5893. 
Lappa minor Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 
Arctium minus Bernh. Syst. iy re wn 1800. 
Stems to 1 or 1.5 m. tall, the branches Sabet eey erect. Basal leaves ovate to round-ovate, 
deeply cc awk the nPah “blades small, Seg cond-year blades becoming as much as 6 dm. long 
d 
mu maller bcor uneate a 
ubglobose, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, sessile or pedun cul: ate, | racemose or subracemose along the branch- 
ine, the inner : _Sp 
the lower margins of the middle phyllaries ane ihe upper ee gins of the inner phyllaries peetrmed 
serrulate, the teeth strongly ascending, ie apenasies sometimes a little pile i Ses my 
or peg pe Se hones setees ally pink or plish; achenes bias -cuneate, trunc 
an Re te = lightly gonads atisdled or -ribbed, pappus buff, te satis 
frietles. hoetiy . 52. oS a 
Fields, roadsides, and waste Ley in towns, occasional but widespread, sometimes locally abundant; Wash- 
— - central. sEea ate Se bs inary a; east to the Atlantic. Naturalized from Europe. July—Oct 
~ rts ants are her: ted as A. minus, one with heads about 2 cm — and the Sune with heads 
abo: Ba tend 5 The. daiter Soni may be the one called A. nemorosum in eastern United States, but with 
us the ties appear to intergrade completely. 
2. Arctium lappa L. Great Burdock. Fig. 5894. 
Arctium lappa L. Sp. Pl. 816. 1753. 
Lappa major Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 379. 1791. 
erb 1.5-3.5 m. tall. Leaves ovate, errs cordate, the basal leaves of the flowering 
abrate 
e at bas Ss : ; orym 
bosely arranged at the ends of the main branches or on short lateral branches; gees series hd 
or rarely Despuee west sabrous the outer and middle lenceilite. ee base appressed, the u 
part spreading or reflexed, tapering to the slender uncinate spine, the inner phyllaries Mia 
chartaceous, wekcatine or caisson ihe € spine straight or uncinate, the aia a the inner phyl- 
i e of the outer and middle phyllaries narrowly scarious, minutely ciliolate with 
flexed, gl 2 irs; i horte he ph 
u 
1 , purplish red; achenes oblong-oblanceolate or somewhat cuneiform, 6-7 mm long, bro 
or grayish brown, sacl smooth or spongy-wrinkled or -ribbed, pappus ivory- white or buff, the 
longest bristles 5-6 m long. 
Occasional weed of seal roadsides, and waste ground; west the Cascade Mountains in Wash- 
mates and in the Coast Ranges in California suiath to southern "Coie Sritich Columbia; central and east- 
ern United States and Canada. Native of Eurasia. June—Aug 
137. SAUSSUREA DC. Ann. Mus. Paris 16: 156, 196. pls. 10-13. 1810. 
No 
men conservandum 
ae unarmed herbs with alternate, ene re toothed, or pinnatifid leaves. Heads 
m r large, solitary or corymbosely clustered, homogamous, the flowers all perfect. 
Ss ory Weuedae cylindr rc-campanlate, or turbinate, the phyllaries numerous in 
many series, appressed or squarr cute. Receptacle plane or convex, nake 
or bearing chaffy scales or isties 4 Cordilas elas 5-lobed, bluish or purplis sh. Achenes 
oblong, more or less angled, hilum basal. Pappus-bristes i in 1 or 2 series, plumose, united 
at the base and generally decidu ous, an outer, shorter, dissimilar series present or lack- 
ing. [ Named for Horace Benedict de Saussure Be his son, Theodore, ai known natural- 
ists of Geneva, Switzerland.] 
A genus of about 130 species, m mostly ‘h montane, occurring chiefly in Asia, with several species 
in Europe and North America and one in Roan. high 2 species, Serratula alpina Willd. 
