512 COMPOSITAE 
pubescent and sag ea a Bd fons above, as well as a little glandular, terete and wingless. Lowest 
leaves herbace to7c g, obla nceolate, petiolate or sessile, pinnately parted si acute or 
i n rgins bearing a one 
arp spino 
er ; ng, sessile by a broad bas stiffly coriaceous, promi- 
nently veined, viscidulou bed pinnately lobed salient denta ate, ‘te lobes and teeth rigidly 
spinose ; heads solitary at the e of the r bra large, about 3 cm. long, o i 
volucres arachnoid-pubescent ri viscidu ae: “hai ae the 9 ‘and middle phyllaries foliose, shorter 
or a little longer than the flowers, ditaietely spreading or squarrose, pinnately lobed or dentate 
rigidly spinose, — inner phyllaries s erect, entire, coriaceous except for ee scarious margin 
and appen e appendage with a terminal spine and lateral sitiles sides merely 
denticulate ; flo a many, the throat inflated ; era an t as broad 
ale brown or buff, mottled or speckled with dark brown or black, the sides irregularly horizontally 
pitt wer rim of the pits and the tr a ge 2 of the fig ad ia dentate or denticulate, or 
the longitudinal angles of the achene produce ard into ac ppus no h 
chenes, p and persistent on the i inner, aohich yay the pileae in several series, unequal, 
se shorter outer ones emarginate, the inner longest ones acute, the innermost sometimes abbrevi- 
ted. 
Dry open hills and along roads; locally common in central California and around San Francisco Bay; reported 
from southern California. Native of the Oid World. April—Oct. 
2. Carthamus baéticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman. Smooth Distaff Thistle. 
Fig. 5899 
Kentrophyllum baeticum Boiss. & Reut. Pugil. ae - ov. 65. 1852. 
Carthamus baeticus Nyman, Conspec. FI. Eur. 878. 
Kentrophyllum lanatum Bi netics Battandier, F 1 lage 508. 1888--90. 
Carthamus nitidus of C 
Similar to C. lanatus but the stems whitish and more shiny. Leaves frequently longer and 
narrower, attenuate at the tip into a stiff slender spine; heads more sle eupl oblong-ovate, and 
fewer-flowered; outer and middle phyllaries divaricately spreading, the tips et od attenuate and 
i h lon t ers inne 
spinose, x r, 
denticulate or the phyllaries entire and attenuate; the outer epappose schieess darker and more 
evenly and regularly rugulose, the 338 pappus- ener achenes with smoother, less denticulate 
sides 
Opes or brushy hills and roadsides in central and southern California; foothills of the Sierra Nevada in 
evade ~ Tuolumne Counties, and local in S 
; an Joaquin County; cesasiontl from San Luis Obispo County to 
San Diego County. Naturalized from the acitecvinaee region. Jun 
It is no S$ easy to bi gol ay ein from C. llistar & soy some European botanists have wees 
as a variety. Cytological — Ai ri, however, have howe that 2n = 44 in C. Janatus and 2n= 
3. Carthamus tinctérius L. Safflower. Fig. 5900. 
Carthamus tinctorius L. Sp. Pl. 830. 1753. 
Plant annual with erect stems narrowly branching above the middle, leafy, glabrous; stems 
generally 4-6 dm. tall, smooth, terete, whitish or straw-colored. Leaves coriaceous, spinulose- 
a s le and upper ca 
o 
a pine 
ivory-white, nearly smooth, subobovate, about 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, generally without pappus 
or with a few short rudimentary paleae, ee the pappus well ‘developed with paleae numer- 
ous i seenerp — buff, unequal i in length, m stly shorter than the achen 
Occasional fugitive from vation on Seaddshtcs and Feasied the edge of fel, probably oe Bagh eres, gala” 
mento Valley to re "kieine Conde , California. Of widespread occurrence wa of the Old an 
New Worlds wherever the plant is cultivated; originally deacktad from , al Sane-Oek, 
141 CYNARA [Vaill.] L. Sp. Pl. 827. 1753. 
Robust perenay << with large basal leaves and stout erect stems. Heads large, 
pedunculate, many-flow omogamous. Involucre globose, the phyllaries imbricate in 
many aig aneeeite sad: 4 tase suliriesdly coriaceous, narrowed into a stout terminal ae 
(or rarely the phyllaries rounded and innocuous ). Peeteiacie fleshy, long-setose. 
perfect. Achenes a little turgid, glabrous and smooth, hilum basal, apical i a 
n 
med. Pappu 
paleaceous, united at the base and deciduous. [Name derived from the Greek word for dog 
early applied to a kind of artichoke. ] 
a nat genus of 11 species, natives of the Mediterranean region and Canary Islands. Type species, Cynara car- 
