SUNFLOWER FAMILY 515 
Spine at tip of phyllaries erect or somewhat spreading, mostly 2-3 mm. long; taprooted 
pare ennial of dry slopes east of the Cascade eC. eaK0 ee ‘and northern 
egon ca 
Phyllaries not clos sely imbricate and e rapa ely spreadin 
bove the psa Mag = fe rae Bi pat ecg i °C. yore riica im ag gocher : 
wipe dilar spot, frequently inconspicuous or lacking on many phyllaries in a head. 
pomeeo tipped by a short spine mostly 1-3 mm. long. 
nts _ Perennial, the n 
new — -rosettes arising from rag sm aa — or from the 
f the taproot. . C. cymosu 
t 
Plants monocarpic, winter ssiree or biennials with ma 
11. C. californicum 
into an elongate slender spine mostly 3-10 mm. long; plauts gener- 
oca pale: biennials, rarely perennials, with taproots. 
Heads often aeaee than long, hemispheric; phyllaries we spines mostly 5-10 mm. 
ee elt 
he oute . C. neomexicanum 
Heads — ose; ass laries with spines mostly 3-7 mm. long, the outer Sissies 
spreading or ascending 13. C. utahense. 
Back of phyllaries without a ae lar spot or ridge. 
Corolla-throat gradua 
lly wed downward into the tube, the corolla without a distinct 
ion between an throat and the. tube; flowers usually straight in the head, pinkish, hea oa 
or reddish (or white in albinos); pubescence arachnoid or aganpecne villous-arachnoid. 
PRerigret Log pe seeenctt more nk ive saree ent; perennials 
stout oy ; southern 
vada e ard to des 13. tar ke - — 
Phyllares, thickly aaa persistently t arachnoid, or in C. pro m the tomentum 
mes thin and the Dhyllaries nl ccenedtt ical snniaia "oe “biennials, rarely 
rane s southern Oreg western Nevada and southern erect 
Heads often as bro and r broader; phyllaries generally str poag! ost acicular 
above a: Vanpressed. ae Seunonak pes a fine, grayish white aoe corolla 
2.5-3.5 . long, scarcely exceeding. the involucre; rer ian core at of central Cali- 
i 15 ct 
Heads generally longer 
than broad; phyllaries generally curved down 
ae outward or 
castro linear to ovatish but a acicular; corollas to 4 cm, 
rg generally con- 
soit usly exceeding the involucr 
Planta, thinly t ly arachnoid- Aomentose, eseey ae -tomentose; phyllaries often 
subglabrate; widespread and common in California hills and mountains from 
Ventura and Kern Counties Gerthersed. 6. C. protcanum 
ny po ide! edge with dense, felt-like siebsiies phyllaries whits: arachnoid- 
— cept for the glabrous yellowish spine; southwestern Oregon to 
al Californ, and adjacent Nevada. 17..€. ” es 
Cocoa shenet wrosid or Shea distinctly contracted at the base, the throat and t ne are nerally distinct; 
Besse: aight in oot aap vol on the outermost Beds h spreading, whitis elspa pink, 
sometimes re bescence, at least on the consisting of crispy-puberu 
ied ‘sdnciannid reir an ae 
y-puberulent hai Aecaem rn a el yee ellular, coreelitan S visc ree fea 
sometimes abundant, lacking i in C. moha 
in 
margins lac corr or yer (nbyiaries 
mre wees a little catendol in intermediates latiaen c callilepis 
and between C. foltosum and C. hookerianum). 
Plants embiaad: mostly biennial with taproots; bccn ea in eters] North America, 
mostly near the C. 6. C. folios 
Plants Peres) with cee Pegs roots; California Coast Hole and Oraie chiefly west 
f the Cascade Mountain 
Heads medium-sized or <a 3.5-5 ¢ 
At eam ies 
‘m. long, mostly clustered on short stout seme 
laud pind eet eg graduate-imbr icate; South Coast Ranges in 
24. C. quercetorum xero reat 
Heads ibiuanel cat long, solitary or clustered on elongate slender stems; 
phyllaries closely paca or more commonly rather loosely ascending, rarely 
squarrose e the middle; central California north to Oregon chiefly west of 
the Ca bag 3 hc n crest. 29. C. callilepis. 
Phyllaries without an expanded, scarious or Selita appendage. 
Phyllaries densely and conspicuously pubescen 
Pui geiaors on phyllaries mostly crispy- pin Ate plants reaching northern Wash- 
ington east of the Cascade Mountains from ‘the — and the east. 
. C. hookerianum. 
Pubescence on phyllaries i or soe arachnoid. 
Plants not succulent, often less than tall; flowers whitish or pinkish; mostly 
east of the rapt af Sogn pte og 
Heads ar pad broader than long, sconce t outer phyllaries often re- 
exed. . C. neomexicanum. 
Heads pocorn outer phyllaries spreading oF ascend ndin a 
Plants succulent, mostly 1-2.5 m, tall; flowers rose-red oi ‘pinkish (rarely white 
in albinos); mostly — of ae ‘Cascade-Sierran cr 
Leaves arachnoid-tomen side; corolla- ‘hes 2-4 mm. long; style 
shortly cumchorate rer er tiba: ‘achenes 3.5-4 ong. 
.-5 mm. lon: 
. brevistylum. 
seecengue ii woe lower side; corolla: cake : 3.5) = = ee style 
tube; neheon 4-6 m 
ie a edule. 
ig hega opie a xg tea i 
thinly arachnoid or eS not densely and con- 
y festooned with arachnoid ee 
closely appressed or subappressed. (See also 
es Shading <inending: ) 
Plants “white arachnoid fomentose (crispy-puberulent hairs absent). biennial and 
mocarpic, or if perennial the new ee arising at the top of the tap- 
pone desert oases in southeastern Calif _ 
Cc. eee ties 26 
ry ca $4, ta}, 
tS cris 
nts Pperenaial ide rhizome-like roots; Coast Pg: gevtb of —— California. 
