SUNFLOWER FAMILY 517 
ces 12-15 mm. long, the tube 8-11 mm. long, the lobes ahont 4 mm. long; achenes Light to dark 
own, narrowly oblong or a little widened upward, m. long, about e€; pappus of 
decioate morse steue mm. long, of pstllat esha pecan 2 cm. tena in "fenie pale buff. 
Wid and noxious weed of cultivated ground and p mmon in western Washington and Oregon 
and nbrehey ai eS iternt ia cede casional southward | is abet Re California; widely distributed in northern United 
States, nae southeast Canada; axtiee - ps pe World. June—Se 
variable in pubescen lobing of leav — and rebidned oe have named many varieties 
and ios Ag the western "Unit ey phe he most common plant = var. hor m Wimmer & Grabowski, the 
form with “glabrous, very spiny, divided tote; much eae common are var. argentenm A hed Fiori, in which the 
lower ae of the pinnately divided leaves is heavily white- catentiae, and v r & Grabowski, in 
which the nearly —_ , are undu ene -margined or very shallowly lobed. FAccied o Cro: onquist (Vasc. 
Pl. Pacif. Northw 138, 955), the plant named by Linnaeus may have been the form with wt entire leaves, 
but most recent iar pi Rania Sethork continue to accord it varietal recognition. 
2. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore. Common or Bull Thistle. Fig. 5903. 
Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. Pl. 821. 1753. 
Carduus vulgaris Savi, Fl. Pis. 2: 241. 1798. 
Cirsium vulgare Tenore, Syll. Fl. Neap. Appendix 5, 
Cirsium lanceolatum Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 130. aa Na Hill, 1769. 
Biennial herb ag art m 0.3-2 m. tall, simple or branched at base, few-branched or many- 
benadaell above, the stems secant ia Bin spiny = ed a ae rrent leaf-bases or on the upper- 
most branches the teat tates only shortly dec ni side of faye thinly to heavily arach- 
noid-tomentose, upper side harshly setose- ine i seed ing-leaves oblong or oblanceolate, un- 
dulate- margined or shallowly lobed; cauline leaves oblong- Renceiiaas or oblong-oblanceolate or 
vatish, up to 30 cm. lon ine 10 cm. rotate. shallowly to deeply pinnately lobed, the lobes ovate- 
ivide oe ate lanceolate divisi he lobes 
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nating short br cosa thon closely subtended magrehenfe th usually much-reduced leaves; in- 
volucre cylindric-campanulate to subglo og [ cm. long ; phylla aries numerous in many series, 
soepthere to linear-lanceolate, appressed below, jetrodiqn cenit above, the outer and middle 
ongly steeds tippe a errors and smooth dorsally an ventrally, conspicuously arachnoid- 
paki tN n the marg the inner with somewhat flattened, twisted, spinulose tips and with 
midrib a oc aren ee rou ached: corollas rose- Oeeiie rarely white, abou 
long, set throat and lobes each about 5 mm. long; achenes zt a a little widened : weued; 
3-3 m. long, light brown or buff with blackened inca markings; pappus 2-3 cm. lon 
We y distributed ans sometimes “pe es in wets places, pastures, and ative’ 
ground; i Pa read in America; Beare oes Foard oe ‘oid World. Jun 
A variant yes nana ince heads and smaller homers but ger eee ‘longer achenes (about 4 mm. 
long) has been collected in October and November in are a hacks ah side — ee This 
may be the plant listed by Hegi (Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 62: ave x an: 29) a od um var. australe Mur: 
Cirsium scabrum (Poir.) Bonnet & Uderattié: Cat. Pl. Vase. Tunisie, 238. 1896. “C us sca anid Poir. 
Voy. shai = Pte 1789:<C. pues Bago FI. Atlantica | cs pe: 1800.) awe plants with. stems to 4 m. tall 
and a in diameter the e; leaves broad, s ff osecgeog ty eer e the upper a3 scabrous, 
the cto 5 Pg lanate-tomentos he ay pt Becsithie o ks ay thee at the of bran ateey 3-3.5 cm. long. 
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2-3 cm. wide; phyllaries ovate to ovate- lanceolate, numerous, cleat Eb ahora nd imbricate, somewhat spread- 
ing at the short-spiny tip, a little ara flowers reddish. Ravine inci near Gen pee Santa Cruz 
County, California, at about the turn of the ‘century, ‘Native of the Mediterranean region, 
5902. Cirsium arvense 
