SUNFLOWER FAMILY 525 
come somewhat floccose; phyllaries appressed at the base, loosely ascending or wer spread- 
ith s 
atin Pia and niin lacerate ; flowers whitish, evender tinged, or pinkish, the corolla- 
tube 1 m. long, a throat 9-10 m m. long, the oe 7 mm. long; achenes oblong- oblanceolate, 
poate h, 71 mm. lon payee whi tish, 2-3 cm. lon 
Gravelly and sto, Wibod, meadowy flats, ie open a usas woodland, Sonoran and Boreal Zones; mostly 
east of the Cascade-Sierran crest from Panay gg orgs to middle ws rage eastward to the Rocky 
pay po s and southward to Utah and perhaps to Arizo Type locality: Silver Reef, Washington County, Utah. 
ay— 
Plants from the east side of the Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada are quite variable in habit, pubes- 
cence, and flowers. In all, however, the niga: to sage pense 3 phyllaries are ngs to one ithe middle 
and are attenuate into a free tip ending in a slender, stiff, spreading or ascending spine. se plants may be the 
same as C. humboldtense Rydb. rduus nevadensis Greene; type locality, West 0, Og Si ceeurics, Nevada), 
and they may prove to be specifically distinct {rome C. utahense. 
t astern O C. wallowense M. Peck), the phyllaries are scarcely ever glandular, 
whereas in th m from southern Utah, the png line or ridge is present and conspicuous. In other 
parts of its range (as in eastern California), C. utahense may b riable his character. In northeastern 
Diesée, where a —— intergrades with C. Seevtietiam and with C. canovirens, the intermediates seem to be 
the — of ~ acon 
Car Fl. Fran. 479. 1897. (Carduus vaduleins var. nev aden Comms , Proc. d. 
Phila. oo ne omy ee Plant to about 3 m. tall; stem stout, thinly floccose-arachnoid; S green and gla- 
brate on the upper side, white-arachnoid on the lower side; heads pose about 2.5 cm. lalee Bhyllaries appressed 
except at the slender-spinose tip, closely imbricate in 6 or 7 rows, not glandular, the outer lanceola vate- 
lanceolate, the inner linear-lanceolate; flowers Lc aa Pegi plant, definitely known only from Greene och 
gr in 1883 near Truckee, Nevada County, California, may be a small-headed form of " Cirsi um utahense Petrak, 
s that —. ot along the east side of the Sierra Nevada; or ~ Truckee thistle may repveuin a hybrid 
a ivative between the Utah thistle and Cirsium meee sit var. canescen 
Cirsium pies Rydb. FL. Rocky Mts (100. 1068). 1917 [1918]. Plants from northeastern 
Oregon that are related to : Rccprtsd but with pate beds ve been referred to this species Cronatist, 
Re — Pi. Pact: Book hw. 5: 4955), ai tee “ this coe es we have seen from Wallowa County Cee, 
coelie 4 plants ie ah mse (i.e., C, llowense for fod srk hele ig ome ater Gi rens, 
peel it seems Weahenie that the ‘ pfctl x) plant: . may have b tion Gecvecn a thos 
species. Type locality of C. subniveum is Jackson’s Hole, Wyomin ae 
14. Cirsium nidulum (M. E. Jones) Petrak. Nidulous Thistle. Fig. 5915. 
Cnicus nidulus M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 5: 705. 1895. 
Cirsium nidulum Petrak, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35: 553. 1917. 
s perennial with long woody taproot that may be once if several times branched at the 
top to add ce a leafy crown and 1 or 2 erect toate seis the base of the stems closely invested 
with the dried scaly bases of eee leites stems 2.5-10 dm. tall, aiimple or few-branched above, 
asal leaves few cm. lon 
ong, the 
g, 2-2.5 mm. wide, strongly 
of the lobes 
i Bag light to dark wore ;pappus W whi — - cm ee 
pra cade ine morain no: 
Zones ngrong Sot gt na fem desert ca pei ~ tees ranges ot eastern Calitareia, caateraed mec “Utah ee 
Arizona. Type locality : n red alkaline sand, along the 3 athe. of the Pahria River, at Pahria [Paria],” Kane 
County, Utah. June—Oct. 
15. Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jepson. Cobweb Thistle. Fig. 5916. 
Cardu ee Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. = 7: 418. 1841 
Cirsium c ulteri Harv. & Gray in A. Gray, Mem. Am read: 1g OS 110. 1849. 
cr sium occidentale Jepson, Fi. W. pre Calif. 509. 1901 
coulteri Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 1167. 1925. 
annuals, —— a slender ng ingheb taproot; stems erect, leafy, usually 
rtas7c 
Biennials or winter an 
— - tall but sometimes a s sho’ . or as tall as 1.5 m., thinly to thickly arachnoid- or 
entose, rarely glabrescent, Sine temocals stata a ulent. Earliest mes oblanceo- 
late-elipte, sparsely spinose-dentate ; rosette-leaves numerous, at first sinuately lo 1. 
g, becoming 3 dm. long and 0.8 dm. wide, meaty oblanceolate, rather deeply lobed, the lobes 
