528 COMPOSITAE 
18. Cirsium peer naa Blake. Surf Thistle. Fig. 5919. 
Carduus maritimus Elmer, Bot. Gaz 905. 
Cosine auiyacost Petrak. Beih. = prey 35: 288. a Not Makino, 1910, 
lum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. 21: 336. 
Bi peeks or perennial, leafy herb with stout la stems and leaves succulent-fleshy, every- 
where covered by a white, persistent, close, suede-like tomentum, the stems erect, 0.1- 1 m. ong, 
simple or “much branched from the base, giving the plant a rounded We shy appearance.” Earliest 
hae ne 9p obtuse, entire or u ndulate, unarmed except for small spinescent mucro at apex or 
i a : 1 
b 
aA fe ed into a rac like base, the blade pinnately. par rted pad 
rounded, seeente < or broly elliptic Seenient s, the segments entire or undulate or shallowly lobed, 
tippe ed by a short stiff s and bearing several similar spines on the margins ; lower cauline leaves 
longish i WwW 
se that dev 
amplexicaul auricles ; uppermost leaves closely clustered below the heads; heads solitary or 2 to 
on short branches in rather loose terminal a rs, ee campanulate, 3-4 cm. long; involucre 
2.5-3.5 cm. long, densely arachnoid-tomentos ; phyllaries numerous, strongly ascending, loosely 
imbricate or more or less ape ~: ci of all pics: the inner bearitig several stiff, spread- 
ing, straight or slightly curved spines and the apices ending in a stout yellowish spine, the outer 
and middle ihechue ae tence bike or linear, the inner phyllaries thinner but ending in a stiffish 
spine, the sides chartaceous-margined and ciliate-spinulose, the spinules sometimes more or less 
crested ; cor 
10 achen 
rowly cuneate or oblongish, 5-7 mm. long, compressed or plumply turgid, ‘with lateeal pte a 
evident, chestnut-brown or light t brown; pappus buff 
A remarkable endemic known only from maritime fees r Sonoran Zone; eg Luis Obispo and Santa 
Raitace “Countica, California. Type locality: Surf, Santa Sstee ‘Soanty. April- Jul 
19. Cirsium “Cine naa Cronquist. Indian Thistle. Fig. 5920. 
Cirsium edule of authors in large part, no 
Cirsium brevistylum Cronquist, Leaflets = 7226. 1953. 
Erect leafy biennial al rarely caring me herb with stout or slender, fusiform taproot ; 
sinter a nearly simple or beco robust, and much branche ’ with fastigiately amen 
i 5 ae 
erminal or racem arise a ote e stems; 
volucre campanulate, conspicuously arachnoid-tomentose; phyllaries numerous, loosely imbricate 
in many ate AA the outer and middle fanstotate to line songl attenuate and spinose- cates the inner 
elongate-attenuate, acute or subspinose, flattened and somewhat twist — te, sometimes a 
eines “tiie eee ye reroll: urplish rose, harety whi te, 2-2:5 ¢ g, g, the throat 3.5-6 
, the lobes 2-4 sat lon eed minutely cucullate- capitellate a pose tip; achenes elliptic 
or blo slightly cu a ‘5 mm. lon ng, t Se ckish, brown; pappus buff or light brown, about 
2 cm. long, the bri et Hig a tt poi eer at the 
Mo One Ss in woods and brush-or on meadow sas and in forest clearings, Upper Sonoran, Transition, 
and Lower ene Zones: "British Columbia to southern California in the Coast Ranges and Cascade Moun- 
— east to Montana and Idaho. Type locality: near Montesano, Grays Harbor County, Woshinetax. April- 
20. Cirsium édule Nutt. Edible Thistle. Fig. 5921. 
Cirsiten edule Nutt. Trans. tsk Phil. Soc. i A 420. 1841. 
, Ottawa Nat. 16: 902. 
Biennial or perennial monocarpic ie with suena taproot ; stems erect, widely and openly 
branched above, frequently stout and hollow, up to 2 m. tall, more or less purplish-tinged, thinly 
arachnoid-pubesc r glabrescent. Early a te rather Sgr ee eae ate, 0.3-1.5 
d deeply _ nt a below ; 
av 
flowering season becoming . long and Hsieh g pinnately divided, the ‘divisions lobed or 
again divided into oblong or deltoid, spine-ti ipped ‘lobe , the = ps narrowed below to a spinose- 
margined, petiole-like base, weakly arachn te ore sien Habeas above and — Soe teed and 
i — 
Narr Vv te, 
spreading tip, the inner phyllaries flattened, weakly s ianee ciliate- pa ame sane y bright — 
purple or lavender-rose, more or less me tutcly spreading, the tube about 1 cm. long, the thro 
