542 COMPOSITAE 
ucronate, entire or serrate; heads solitary at the ends of the branches or sometimes a few in 
loot cluster, ovate, 1.5- cm. igh; involucres thinly tomentulose or glabrous, the outer aia 
middle phyllaries with a rounded herbaceous part capped by a broad fe aline appendage, oy ap- 
pendage obtuse or acute, thinly pilose and ciliate, the inner phylaries becoming narrower and 
onger, oblong or lanceolate, the appendage Taite and acu acuminat if the in pe 
i nd penic ; 
m a 
raps oblongish, somewhat compressed or obcompressed, ivory-w ite; p pappus- -bristles 
o 1 cm. long, numerous, early deciduous, the outer shorter in more slender, the inner longer and 
fnanouiie a Tittle paleaceou at sien all more or less plumos 
Cultivat ed fields, pastures, and roadsides, widespread and locally common at lower elevations and in warmer 
drier parts; Washington so sithern, Caton British Columbia; east to the central United States; Argentina. 
Native in athers Russia and central Asia. May—Oct 
2. Centaurea ibérica Trev. Iberian Star-thistle. Fig. 5940. 
Centaurea iberica Trev. in Spreng. Syst. 3: 406. 1826. 
Plants biennial _ a — 0 me stems —_ 5-10 dm. high or more, much branched and 
bushy from below, terete or a little angled. Leaves pu ebenuil ent or thinly tomentulose, the upper 
somewhat eaberisiss: the ois 1 ives Teautite ebladetotate o 4.5 dm. long, once or twice deeply 
lobed or divided, the segments oblong to elliptic, obtuse or oa mucronulate-serrulate or entire, 
i auline le & ivi 
-lo 
heads sessile or. shortly pedunculate, ovate or sialeccan et a cm. 008 involucres glabrous, 
the phyllaries nerveless, very stiff-coriaceous, pale with n white-scarious margins, 
the outer phyllaries small and nearly oe eiie the middle | phyllaries sibddnced into a rigid, spre pe 
ing, i gant spine 1-2.5 cm. long, the spine channeled on the upper side and bearing 1 3 pai 
of small spines near ‘the base, the co phyllaries sachet tipped by a broad, “denticula te or 
lacerate, sratioas appendage; flow Achner or purplish, the outer not enlarged; achene oblong, 
mm. long; pappus ‘res sent, ae ‘brist es flattened and in several series, the outer short, the 
inner longer and narrower and about half the length of the achene 
An uncommon weed, occurring my abe in o Sear Santa Barbara, and Sie Diego Counties, California. Native 
of southern Europe and western Asia. July—Sep 
3. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Purple Star-thistle. Fig. 5941. 
Centaurea “yep L. Sp. Fi. 917: 1752. 
’ € . 
oer: about 1 dm. Ion cm. wide, aig or twice- < ae age rip ee oblongish, 
n 
shor 
he saline leaves short-petiolate or sessile, decurrent, danoky. peace divided into oblong- 
linear segments, the uppermost leaves sessile, easire-or ate or serrate-lobed, the apex and teeth 
m or 
ious margins, the outer phyllaries with a short rt spine, the middle —— melger ig ed into a 
stout, spreading, stramineous spine 1.5-3 cm. long, the Si a channele r side, bearing 
2 or 3 pairs of short, stiff, lateral spines at the sole the inn , asa. Raat q small spine or 
a spineless sido ee Med owers purple, the outer ears enlarged; achenes subobovate, 
re ease m. long; pappus C, 
and roadsides, common middle western California; Humboldt County to aug Clara 
gear Capaetare iheniins g, Washington; = ballast, Linnton, Oregon; Nanaimo, Vancouver Island; eastern 
United States. Native in the 5, World from southern Sweden to North Africa and central Russia. ay—Nov. 
umboldt_and Riv alifornia, a variant of C. calcitrapa is found in which the beads are 
spines more slen : and shorter, and the inner achenes (which are fertile) pappus-bearing.- 
itrapoides 
Ait. j ‘ C261. 1 feo" 'P Plants annual (on perennial?), giebeoss oe thinly nach a “an 
bove; stems to 2 m. _ fog ; lower cauline L.. lyrate-pinnatifid, cm. long and 10 cm. wide, sessile hi 
i tly # Gea hase, the vg ae og irregularly epic all lobed or parted, the nf 98 
ong; 
t 
ermost ir lave 
outer sterile corollas much oe gh achenes buff, 3-3.5 mm. lon s of graduated white pee to ees r 
long, none on outer sterile achenes. Locally established in central aa gra California; San put: anta 
Barbara, and in Los Angeles ited hg near Watts and Whittier. Native of North Africa. May 
; ; ; * 1837.) nual; 
s and pedeneics ic ia p _lower leaves innately divided a parted, eet 
og ut : s 
phyllaries appresse ie epermn tae “event cry ovate, Nena narrowed be a yh vr Ped or reflexed spin e, the some 
rather erent eh yellow iu, 2-5 mm. jong, the base of the spine and margin of ~ ited 
came. the outer sterile and radiately much enlarged; achenes poe t “¢ 5m _ ong, phen 5 sh br rown, finely pitte 
ween the longitudinal ribs, the ise of oe achene and margin of the aitecbenent- scar smooth, bony, ivory; Aang +08 : 
bristles paleaceous, graduated i in rng to 3 mm. long, pale brownish. An established garden escape in Sa sj 
ie California, since 1904. Native in the western part of the Mediterranean region. April—Jun 
urea moschata T.. Sp. PL. 909. 1753. (Amberboa forage DC. Prod, 6: 560. 1837.) Plants poms 
; y rounded Dn witha wie of 100 spreading, appendage; ee f, 
thinly oil purplish, or whitish, the outer a a much enlarged; achenes nearly smooth, brownish blac 
thinly mm. long; pigpiee bitten paleaceous, the innermost the hengeat: and 3 mm. lo 
f garden yg sometimes becoming established in waste ground; native in southwestern ‘acie. 
lao Se Sweet Sultan. 
