544 COMPOSITAE 
Centaurea virgata var. squarrésa Boiss. Fl, Orien. bi Ae 1875. (Centaurea squarrosa Willd. Sp. Pl. 
3: 2319. 1804.) Plants Liab ont — Sane from the crown of a stout taproot; stems about 5 dm. tall, branch: 
ing widely above, scabro low S pinnate or eee ia se wie, mg SERRE, long- petioled, the middl and 
upper leaves sessile, pin mene or pita “iy Sa revolute; heads small, -3 cm. long; involucres vat - 
about 7 mm. = tote green and preted Pet a little violet-tinged, the middie whollatieg pri ab fringed with 
short spines cen the sides below the terminal squarrose spine which is 1—2(or 3) mm. long, the innermost phyl- 
_—— eb agai or nea arly > the Pd narrowed and hyaline; flowers pinkish or lavender, the eee ones sterile and 
omewhat enlarged; achen -5-3.5 mm. long; pappus- -bristles slender white, to 2.5 mm. long. Occurring locally 
n County, Califo ornia, and in adjacent gore co? bey 
aeae Utah. Native of middle eastern Europe to petry Asia pe eae, July—Aug. In typical C. vir 
the terminal spine of the involucral bracts is shorter or even lackin 
5. Centaurea maculésa Lam. Spotted Knapweed. Fig: 5943. 
Centaurea maculosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 669. 1783. 
Biennial or short-lived perennial with 1 to several stems arising from the top of a stout tap- 
root, ane or pale green, arachnoid-tomentulose or glabrate, scabrous; stems erect, 2-8 (or 15) 
dm. tal , angled but not winged, branching near the middle or above, the branches not very numer- 
us a e low oO 
s pink, rarely white, 
= ; yo 3m g, bro blacki sath several faint pale 
pi gig lines ; pappus present, i Sa iy salad cant bristles tae in length, the longest 
2-3 mm. lon 
Fields, —— and waste ground; 1 Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains north through weste 
post ome va Washington to British edt hin Tdaho and Montana; widespread in central and eastern United States 
and Canada. Native in Europe and western Siberia. June-—Oct 
Cask taurea cineraria L. tek . 912. 1753. Plants perennial, bushy, stems and 1 s white- 
tomentose or pale green. All | ves except the youngest an a ‘uppermost bipinnate or bipinnately pets ded, the 
oe narrowly oblongish ne) obtuse, the uppermost leaves seg eit divided or set Sb He rather large, 
2.5 cn ome. teers 8 arranged; Sng apg d seb 2 vate, about 1.5 cm. long, the phyllaries pale green except 
for the hea ac or ig sh margin and a pa pressed, the aseue margins oechinate: Seiliite, the terminal 
seta stiff and subspin shorter than the Metered” aoige and. less than 1 mm. long, squarrose, the innermost ohyE 
laries with a deneculate scarious tip; flowers purple, t terile outer corollas enlar ed; achenes 3 mm. long; 
pap} cf Pa ua numerous whitish bristles 4 mm. long. el ally spontaneous near eardenk in central and southern 
Calif. Native of southern Europe and North Africa, ay: Dusty Miller. 
Cen entaurea salmantica L. Sp. Pl. 918. 53. (Microlonchus salmanticu 1837.) Plants 
perennial. Lower leaves pinnate, ‘the lateral ean ets few and rather remote, i and ru uncinately pinnatifid 
oe aot arany Bose! Ra ularly caine, scabrid-pubescent, the upper leaves Bs sm alles than the dower, pinnatifid 
; heads 2— "2. m. long; involucre globose-conic, strongly constricted at the top, 1-2 cm. long, the 
shyliarics amet , triangular. rete: subglabrous, pale yellow-green, blacki hs at the PR aes by a Thaet spinose 
mucro about 0. Poy long or ag t i ; flowers 
op h or whit atkenes about 3. 5 mm. long, light brown with vertically arranged: _ tran 
dark seal areolae, the name of the achene and ial = the smooth, bony, and yellowish; pappus- 
Lt gourys LS weep aca . long except the inner: ngle, a pie acuminate bristle ahh ch is 3.5 mm. long. 
dere. Son soma fone Calitornia. wre Sg it has not — ee collected; dooryard weed, Jerome, 
shading Pgaidsb of the Mediterranean region. April-Sept. Escobi 
6. Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower or Bachelor’s Button. Fig. 5944. 
Centaurea cyanus L, Sp. Pl, 911. 
Centaurea cyanus var. denudata Suskd. Schiele vs 43. 1927, 
lants eres "ong occose- secoentnne usually thinly so, rarely almost re : little —— 
3 
stems erect, 1-7 dm. tall, simple or more commonly openly branched, the stems and bran 
slender, terete or s conenitiae ed, not winged. Basal and lower cauline sg ee e 
linear, prominently pinnately few-lobed or lyrate-pinnatifid, short-petioled, to 1 ng = 
1 cm. wide, the and upper cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate or linear, sessile, dentate 
entire, sharply acute or acuminate, the 1 side arachnoid-to se, a ve inly 
branches, 
or € 
or glabrate, the margin revolute; heads solitary at the ends of slender, pedun 
1 oss ; involucre ovate or oblong-ovate, thinly tomentulese, t the 
cm. long, about 3 cm. acr phy 
laries coriaceous, spineless, the outer and middle duet with t Sues margins, the margin 
pectinately y parted into sharp tr a = lobes and forming a i serrate-parted appendage at 
the tip, the innermost phyllaries oblong, entire except at the m r les serrate-lacerate tip; 
flowers blue varying t thi nae 54 rple, the outermost sterile flowers with much elongated, 
palmately i mi corollas, the ray-like limb about : e the funnelform throat ; 
achenes 4 mm. | ye ad ete nin brown or buff, thinly pubescent above, densely so at the 
very ba ppu ait 4 mm. long, con i 4 of numerous, ood graduated, brown bristles, nar- 
rowy oblong, Saree aaa a little pie 
brushy hills and valleys as well as in fields and along roads; widespread and naturalized in Wash 
scaeen’ ie ring and ph rage aa i fornia, occasional southward to southern Californie as an escape from m cultivation; 
deer Colemabie? Fike & tlantic coast. Native in the Mediterranean region; introduced in many parts 
